%PDF-1.6
%âãÏÓ
1 0 obj<>
endobj
2 0 obj<>
endobj
3 0 obj<>
endobj
5 0 obj<>
endobj
7 0 obj<>
endobj
8 0 obj<>>>
endobj
9 0 obj<>
endobj
10 0 obj<><><><>]/P 9 0 R/S/Article/T()/Pg 11 0 R>>
endobj
11 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
12 0 obj<>
endobj
13 0 obj[10 0 R]
endobj
14 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
15 0 obj[14 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R]
endobj
16 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
17 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
18 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
19 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
20 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
21 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
22 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
23 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
24 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
25 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
26 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
27 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
28 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
29 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
30 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
31 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
32 0 obj[10 0 R]
endobj
33 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
34 0 obj[10 0 R]
endobj
35 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
36 0 obj[10 0 R]
endobj
37 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
38 0 obj[10 0 R]
endobj
39 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
40 0 obj[39 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R]
endobj
41 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
42 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
43 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
44 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
45 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
46 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
47 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
48 0 obj<>/A<>/Border[0 0 0]>>
endobj
49 0 obj<>
endobj
50 0 obj<>
endobj
51 0 obj<>
endobj
52 0 obj<>
endobj
53 0 obj<>
endobj
54 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(CVD Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
11 755 113 11 re
S
Q
q
11 755 113 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 13 751.9756 Tm
(Home Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
124 755 202 11 re
S
Q
q
124 755 202 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 126 751.9756 Tm
(Calendar Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
326 755 124 11 re
S
Q
q
326 755 124 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 328 751.9756 Tm
(Link Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
450 755 151 11 re
S
Q
q
450 755 151 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 452 751.9756 Tm
(Search Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 601 755 Tm
( )Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
11 733 590 22 re
S
Q
q
11 733 590 22 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 13 740.3755 Tm
(OSDH)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 601 733 Tm
( )Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
68.5 629 475 104 re
S
Q
q
68.5 629 475 104 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 70.5 678.3755 Tm
(Chronic Disease Service Logo Image)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 1 RG
0.72 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
23.655 613.845 m
218.235 613.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 23.655 616.0046 Tm
(Arthritis/Osteoporosis Programs)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
228.735 613.845 m
401.205 613.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 228.735 616.0046 Tm
(Cancer Prevention Programs)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
411.705 613.845 m
588.345 613.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 411.705 616.0046 Tm
(Diabetes Prevention Program)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
( )Tj
ET
27 593.845 m
278.19 593.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 27 596.0046 Tm
(Heart Disease and Stroke Health Program)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
288.69 593.845 m
443.67 593.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 288.69 596.0046 Tm
(Rape Prevention Program)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
454.17 593.845 m
585 593.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 454.17 596.0046 Tm
(REACH 2010 Project)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
ET
0 0 0 RG
10 567.795 m
13.75 567.795 l
S
BT
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 10 569.9546 Tm
( )Tj
ET
104.97 537.795 m
507.03 537.795 l
S
BT
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 104.97 539.9546 Tm
(Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-6.331 -1.997 Td
(Heart disease is the nation\222s leading cause of death. Three health-re\
lated behaviors \226 tobacco use, )Tj
0 -2 TD
(lack of physical activity, and poor nutrition \226 contribute heavily to\
the onset of heart disease as )Tj
T*
(well as the heart disease related conditions, of high blood pressure and\
high blood cholesterol. )Tj
T*
(Modifying these behaviors is critical for both preventing and controllin\
g heart disease. Modest )Tj
T*
(changes in one or more of these risk factors within the population can h\
ave a large public health )Tj
T*
(impact. Heart disease can also be prevented or controlled by changing go\
vernmental policies )Tj
T*
(\(such as restricting access to tobacco\) and by changing environmental \
factors \(such as providing )Tj
T*
(better access to healthy foods and opportunities for physical activity\)\
. \(The Burden of Chronic )Tj
T*
(Diseases and Their Risk Factors, CDC, 2002\))Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(In 1999 all cardiovascular diseases combined took more than 950,000 live\
s in US, and more than )Tj
T*
(14,500 in Oklahoma. During the same year the age-adjusted mortality rate\
due to all diseases of )Tj
T*
(cardiovascular system for Oklahoma was 417/100,000 and exceeded the US r\
ate of 352/100,000 )Tj
T*
(\(Figure 1\). \(1999 Vital Statistics\) )Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Heart disease alone killed more than 725,000 Americans in 1999 and accou\
nted for more than )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:////chromium/drop boxes/Literature Search Files/Biblio...ase Morbid\
ity, Mortality and Risk Factors Oklahoma 2002.htm \(1 of )Tj
(5\)2/2/2007 11:47:14 AM)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(CVD Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(11,000 lives in Oklahoma during the same year. Of all states, Oklahoma h\
ad the third-highest rate )Tj
0 -2 TD
(of death due to diseases of the heart at 317/100,000. Heart disease acco\
unted for 32% of all )Tj
T*
(deaths in Oklahoma. Rates of death were significantly higher among black\
s than whites, and 49% )Tj
T*
(higher among men than women. \(1999 Vital Statistics\))Tj
T*
(Stroke, or cerebrovascular disease, is a major cause of death and disabi\
lity in the United States. It )Tj
T*
(is the third leading cause of death in Oklahoma as well as US, after dis\
eases of the heart and )Tj
T*
(cancers. It caused more than 2,400 deaths in Oklahoma in 1999. Rates of \
death from stroke were )Tj
T*
(34% higher among blacks than among whites. Of all states, in 1999, Oklah\
oma stroke mortality )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(rate ranked 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 95.8 509.3036 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 105.136 505.4637 Tm
( highest at 70/100,000. \(1999 Vital Statistics\))Tj
-6.342 -2 Td
( )Tj
0 -2 TD
(Tobacco use increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases by narrowing \
the vessels. In 2000, )Tj
T*
(nearly one in four of Oklahoma adults reported current cigarette smoking\
\(23%\). The highest )Tj
T*
(prevalence of smoking was among American Indians/Alaska Natives at 33% \(\
Bursac, Campbell )Tj
T*
(2002\). Twenty-one percent of middle school students and 42% of high sch\
ool students are current )Tj
T*
(\(within the last 30 days\) users of tobacco \(Oklahoma YST 1999\). Rate\
s increase from 12% )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(among 6)Tj
12 0 0 12 62.08 297.7627 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 71.416 293.9227 Tm
( graders to 45% among 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 229.306 297.7627 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 238.642 293.9227 Tm
( graders. Rates are higher for boys on both school levels. )Tj
-15.243 -2 Td
(Nearly half of high school boys report they are current users of at leas\
t one form of tobacco. )Tj
0 -2 TD
(Rates among racial/ethnic groups in middle school range from 13% among A\
frican Americans to )Tj
T*
(26% among American Indians. Similarly on the high school level rates ran\
ge from 38% among )Tj
T*
(African Americans to 50% among American Indians with Whites and Hispanic\
groups in )Tj
T*
(between \(Oklahoma YTS 1999\). One in six middle school students and one\
in three high school )Tj
T*
(students report they are current cigarette smokers \(1 or more cigarette\
s during the past 30 days\). )Tj
T*
(The proportion of students who smoke daily \(30 days per month\), increa\
ses from less than 1% in )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(6)Tj
12 0 0 12 17.5 56.2218 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 26.836 52.3818 Tm
( grade, to 13% in 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 148.486 56.2218 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 157.822 52.3818 Tm
(. As school grade increases, more current smokers become daily )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:////chromium/drop boxes/Literature Search Files/Biblio...ase Morbid\
ity, Mortality and Risk Factors Oklahoma 2002.htm \(2 of )Tj
(5\)2/2/2007 11:47:14 AM)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(CVD Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(smokers. Boys and girls are equally likely to be current smokers. Africa\
n American youth are )Tj
0 -2 TD
(least likely to report they are current smokers compared to other youth \
\(Oklahoma YTS 1999\). )Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Regular and sustained physical activity greatly reduces a person\222s ri\
sk of dying of heart disease. )Tj
T*
(Despite the proven benefits of being physically active, more than 28% of\
US adults report no )Tj
T*
(leisure-time physical activity. In Oklahoma that number is even greater.\
In 2000, Oklahoma )Tj
T*
(ranked third highest of all states in percentage of adults who report no\
-leisure-time physical )Tj
T*
(activity at more than 34%. Sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity a\
re also becoming a major )Tj
T*
(problem among Oklahoma youth. Two factors that have contributed to the d\
ecline in physical )Tj
T*
(activity of children are a greater reliance on television and computers \
for entertainment and )Tj
T*
(decreased participation in physical education programs in schools. Good \
nutrition including a diet )Tj
T*
(that is low in saturated fats and contains five or more servings of frui\
ts and vegetables each day )Tj
T*
(plays a major role in maintaining good health. Improving the American di\
et could extend the )Tj
T*
(productive life span and reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases, incl\
uding heart diseases and )Tj
T*
(stroke. Close to 82% of adult Oklahomans reported eating fewer than five\
servings of fruits and )Tj
T*
(vegetables daily, which is the third highest percentage of all states in\
2000. Men tend to eat less )Tj
T*
(fruits and vegetables than women, as well as all minority groups compare\
d to white population. )Tj
T*
(\(2000 BRFSS\))Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(In 2000, 56% of adult Oklahomans were overweight, which is a significant\
increase from 45% in )Tj
T*
(1990, primarily due to an almost 10% increase in prevalence of obesity. \
Prevalence of obesity in )Tj
T*
(Oklahoma significantly increased from 11% in 1990 to 20% in 2000, with t\
he highest point being )Tj
T*
(21% in 1999. Clearly, the obesity epidemic has spread throughout the sta\
te of Oklahoma in the )Tj
T*
(same manner as it did throughout the entire US. Combined data from 1999 \
and 2000 BRFSS )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:////chromium/drop boxes/Literature Search Files/Biblio...ase Morbid\
ity, Mortality and Risk Factors Oklahoma 2002.htm \(3 of )Tj
(5\)2/2/2007 11:47:14 AM)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(CVD Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(show that 44 out of 77 Oklahoma counties have obesity prevalence greater\
than 20%. )Tj
0 -2 TD
(Furthermore, 18 counties have prevalence of obesity ranging between 15 a\
nd 20%, putting a total )Tj
T*
(of 62 Oklahoma counties above the national 2010 health objective of redu\
cing the obesity to )Tj
T*
(15%. Obesity prevalence was the highest among American Indian/Alaska Na\
tives at 28%. Initial )Tj
T*
(results from the 1999 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey \(\
NHANES\), using )Tj
T*
(measured heights and weights, indicate that an estimated 13 percent of c\
hildren ages 6-11 years )Tj
T*
(and 14 percent of adolescents ages 12-19 years are overweight. This repr\
esents a 2 to 3 percent )Tj
T*
(increase from the overweight estimates of 11 percent obtained from NHANE\
S III \(1988-94\). The )Tj
T*
(percentage of children and adolescents who are defined as overweight has\
more than doubled )Tj
T*
(since the early1970s.)Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for stroke. One in five of\
Oklahoma adults suffer )Tj
T*
(from high blood pressure \(21%\). It is significantly more prevalent amo\
ng the black population )Tj
T*
(\(30%\), and also higher among women than men \(24% and 17% respectively\
\). \(1999 BRFSS\))Tj
T*
(High blood cholesterol levels increase the risk for coronary heart disea\
se and myocardial )Tj
T*
(infarction. More than 21% of adults in Oklahoma have been diagnosed with\
high cholesterol )Tj
T*
(levels. The Hispanic population of Oklahoma has the highest prevalence,\
close to 24%. \(1999 )Tj
T*
(BRFSS\))Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Heart disease is 2-6 times more likely to occur among persons with diabe\
tes. Prevalence of )Tj
T*
(diabetes has increased in Oklahoma in the last ten years. Between 1998 a\
nd 2000, the average )Tj
T*
(three-year diabetes prevalence for Oklahoma equaled 6.4%. However, it is\
significantly higher )Tj
T*
(among minority groups especially American Indian/Alaska Natives for whom\
it exceeds 8% )Tj
T*
(\(REACH 2010 BRFS\). In 2000 estimated 140,000 adults in Oklahoma had di\
agnosed diabetes. In )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:////chromium/drop boxes/Literature Search Files/Biblio...ase Morbid\
ity, Mortality and Risk Factors Oklahoma 2002.htm \(4 of )Tj
(5\)2/2/2007 11:47:14 AM)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(CVD Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(1999 rates of death from diabetes were 180% higher among American Indian\
s/Alaska Natives, )Tj
0 -2 TD
(and 160% higher among blacks than among whites. \(1999 Vital Statistics\)\
)Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(It is clear that cardiovascular disease presents an enormous burden for \
Oklahoma. The age-)Tj
T*
(adjusted mortality rates are higher for diseases of the heart and stroke\
in Oklahoma as compared )Tj
T*
(to US. There are gender and racial disparities, with black men being the\
most likely die from )Tj
T*
(these diseases \(Figure 1\). Further, the risk factors for cardiovascula\
r disease have higher )Tj
T*
(prevalence in Oklahoma as compared to US overall prevalence. Cigarette s\
moking, lack of )Tj
T*
(leisure time physical activity, eating less than five fruits and vegetab\
les a day, and obesity are all )Tj
T*
(contributing to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.)Tj
0 -1.6 TD
(Return to )Tj
ET
0 0 1 RG
0.72 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
70 450.845 m
217.465 450.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 70 453.0046 Tm
(Chronic Disease Service)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
-4 -1.233 Td
( )Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
1 w
86.5 420 113 11 re
S
Q
q
86.5 420 113 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 88.5 416.9756 Tm
(Home Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
199.5 420 202 11 re
S
Q
q
199.5 420 202 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 201.5 416.9756 Tm
(Calendar Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
401.5 420 124 11 re
S
Q
q
401.5 420 124 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 403.5 416.9756 Tm
(Link Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
230.5 409 151 11 re
S
Q
q
230.5 409 151 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 232.5 405.9756 Tm
(Search Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
14 0 0 14 381.5 409 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:////chromium/drop boxes/Literature Search Files/Biblio...ase Morbid\
ity, Mortality and Risk Factors Oklahoma 2002.htm \(5 of )Tj
(5\)2/2/2007 11:47:14 AM)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj(CVD Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors)
endobj
60 0 obj<>
endobj
61 0 obj<>
endobj
62 0 obj<>
endobj
63 0 obj<>
endobj
64 0 obj[61 0 R]
endobj
65 0 obj(file:////chromium/drop boxes/Literature Search Files/Bibliography Source Websites/B & C/Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors Oklahoma 2002.htm)
endobj
66 0 obj(x·Í;±¢Ê‘‡Må°‰)
endobj
67 0 obj<>
endobj
68 0 obj<>
endobj
69 0 obj(»;ÁƯøgëÒG!Å;ûÞ)
endobj
70 0 obj<>
endobj
71 0 obj<>
endobj
72 0 obj<>
endobj
73 0 obj<>
endobj
74 0 obj<>
endobj
75 0 obj<>stream
2007-02-02T11:47:14-05:00
2007-02-02T11:47:13-05:00
2007-02-02T11:47:14-05:00
application/pdf
CVD Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors
uuid:414aae5d-e455-4b7c-83a8-582c306f3a85
uuid:006690fa-a52a-4747-be6c-82bdeb3809fb
Acrobat Web Capture 7.0
endstream
endobj
xref
0 76
0000000004 65535 f
0000000016 00000 n
0000000143 00000 n
0000000222 00000 n
0000000006 00000 f
0000000395 00000 n
0000000000 00001 f
0000000461 00000 n
0000000561 00000 n
0000000605 00000 n
0000000652 00000 n
0000000839 00000 n
0000001044 00000 n
0000001115 00000 n
0000001139 00000 n
0000001300 00000 n
0000001429 00000 n
0000001589 00000 n
0000001762 00000 n
0000001933 00000 n
0000002103 00000 n
0000002271 00000 n
0000002441 00000 n
0000002609 00000 n
0000002784 00000 n
0000002957 00000 n
0000003138 00000 n
0000003317 00000 n
0000003498 00000 n
0000003670 00000 n
0000003851 00000 n
0000004026 00000 n
0000004206 00000 n
0000004230 00000 n
0000004410 00000 n
0000004434 00000 n
0000004614 00000 n
0000004638 00000 n
0000004832 00000 n
0000004856 00000 n
0000005031 00000 n
0000005111 00000 n
0000005273 00000 n
0000005433 00000 n
0000005606 00000 n
0000005777 00000 n
0000005947 00000 n
0000006115 00000 n
0000006285 00000 n
0000006453 00000 n
0000006543 00000 n
0000007720 00000 n
0000007958 00000 n
0000009145 00000 n
0000009389 00000 n
0000013668 00000 n
0000017025 00000 n
0000019913 00000 n
0000022662 00000 n
0000025141 00000 n
0000025200 00000 n
0000025236 00000 n
0000025437 00000 n
0000025466 00000 n
0000025567 00000 n
0000025591 00000 n
0000025775 00000 n
0000025809 00000 n
0000025948 00000 n
0000025999 00000 n
0000026033 00000 n
0000026076 00000 n
0000026117 00000 n
0000026158 00000 n
0000026242 00000 n
0000026363 00000 n
trailer
<<31C7D6A35D93F946A5CEC0617049B1B7>]>>
startxref
29855
%%EOF
1 0 obj<>
endobj
3 0 obj<>
endobj
11 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
15 0 obj[]
endobj
37 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
40 0 obj[]
endobj
76 0 obj<>stream
2007-02-02T11:47:28-05:00
2007-02-02T11:47:13-05:00
2007-02-02T11:47:28-05:00
application/pdf
CVD Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors
uuid:414aae5d-e455-4b7c-83a8-582c306f3a85
uuid:9d4eb9bc-5364-4b40-a741-f08c83841270
Acrobat Web Capture 7.0
endstream
endobj
xref
1 1
0000031530 00000 n
3 1
0000031657 00000 n
11 1
0000031830 00000 n
15 1
0000032021 00000 n
37 1
0000032039 00000 n
40 1
0000032219 00000 n
76 1
0000032237 00000 n
trailer
<]/Prev 29855 >>
startxref
35729
%%EOF
1 0 obj<>
endobj
3 0 obj<>
endobj
11 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
31 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
33 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
35 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
37 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
77 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
11 755 113 11 re
S
Q
q
11 755 113 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 13 751.9756 Tm
(Home Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
124 755 202 11 re
S
Q
q
124 755 202 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 126 751.9756 Tm
(Calendar Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
326 755 124 11 re
S
Q
q
326 755 124 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 328 751.9756 Tm
(Link Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
450 755 151 11 re
S
Q
q
450 755 151 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 452 751.9756 Tm
(Search Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 601 755 Tm
( )Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
11 733 590 22 re
S
Q
q
11 733 590 22 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 13 740.3755 Tm
(OSDH)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 601 733 Tm
( )Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
68.5 629 475 104 re
S
Q
q
68.5 629 475 104 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 70.5 678.3755 Tm
(Chronic Disease Service Logo Image)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 1 RG
0 i 0.72 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
23.655 613.845 m
218.235 613.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 23.655 616.0046 Tm
(Arthritis/Osteoporosis Programs)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
228.735 613.845 m
401.205 613.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 228.735 616.0046 Tm
(Cancer Prevention Programs)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
411.705 613.845 m
588.345 613.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 411.705 616.0046 Tm
(Diabetes Prevention Program)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
ET
27 593.845 m
278.19 593.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 27 596.0046 Tm
(Heart Disease and Stroke Health Program)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
288.69 593.845 m
443.67 593.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 288.69 596.0046 Tm
(Rape Prevention Program)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
454.17 593.845 m
585 593.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 454.17 596.0046 Tm
(REACH 2010 Project)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
ET
0 0 0 RG
10 567.795 m
13.75 567.795 l
S
BT
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 10 569.9546 Tm
( )Tj
ET
104.97 537.795 m
507.03 537.795 l
S
BT
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 104.97 539.9546 Tm
(Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-6.331 -1.997 Td
(Heart disease is the nation\222s leading cause of death. Three health-re\
lated behaviors \226 tobacco use, )Tj
0 -2 TD
(lack of physical activity, and poor nutrition \226 contribute heavily to\
the onset of heart disease as )Tj
T*
(well as the heart disease related conditions, of high blood pressure and\
high blood cholesterol. )Tj
T*
(Modifying these behaviors is critical for both preventing and controllin\
g heart disease. Modest )Tj
T*
(changes in one or more of these risk factors within the population can h\
ave a large public health )Tj
T*
(impact. Heart disease can also be prevented or controlled by changing go\
vernmental policies )Tj
T*
(\(such as restricting access to tobacco\) and by changing environmental \
factors \(such as providing )Tj
T*
(better access to healthy foods and opportunities for physical activity\)\
. \(The Burden of Chronic )Tj
T*
(Diseases and Their Risk Factors, CDC, 2002\))Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(In 1999 all cardiovascular diseases combined took more than 950,000 live\
s in US, and more than )Tj
T*
(14,500 in Oklahoma. During the same year the age-adjusted mortality rate\
due to all diseases of )Tj
T*
(cardiovascular system for Oklahoma was 417/100,000 and exceeded the US r\
ate of 352/100,000 )Tj
T*
(\(Figure 1\). \(1999 Vital Statistics\) )Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Heart disease alone killed more than 725,000 Americans in 1999 and accou\
nted for more than )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:////chromium/drop boxes/Literature Search Files/Biblio...ase Morbid\
ity, Mortality and Risk Factors Oklahoma 2002.htm \(1 of )Tj
(5\)2/2/2007 11:47:14 AM)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
78 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
11 755 113 11 re
S
Q
q
11 755 113 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 13 751.9756 Tm
(Home Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
124 755 202 11 re
S
Q
q
124 755 202 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 126 751.9756 Tm
(Calendar Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
326 755 124 11 re
S
Q
q
326 755 124 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 328 751.9756 Tm
(Link Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
450 755 151 11 re
S
Q
q
450 755 151 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 452 751.9756 Tm
(Search Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 601 755 Tm
( )Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
11 733 590 22 re
S
Q
q
11 733 590 22 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 13 740.3755 Tm
(OSDH)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 601 733 Tm
( )Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
68.5 629 475 104 re
S
Q
q
68.5 629 475 104 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 70.5 678.3755 Tm
(Chronic Disease Service Logo Image)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 1 RG
0 i 0.72 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
23.655 613.845 m
218.235 613.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 23.655 616.0046 Tm
(Arthritis/Osteoporosis Programs)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
228.735 613.845 m
401.205 613.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 228.735 616.0046 Tm
(Cancer Prevention Programs)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
411.705 613.845 m
588.345 613.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 411.705 616.0046 Tm
(Diabetes Prevention Program)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
ET
27 593.845 m
278.19 593.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 27 596.0046 Tm
(Heart Disease and Stroke Health Program)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
288.69 593.845 m
443.67 593.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 288.69 596.0046 Tm
(Rape Prevention Program)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
454.17 593.845 m
585 593.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 454.17 596.0046 Tm
(REACH 2010 Project)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
ET
0 0 0 RG
10 567.795 m
13.75 567.795 l
S
BT
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 10 569.9546 Tm
( )Tj
ET
104.97 537.795 m
507.03 537.795 l
S
BT
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 104.97 539.9546 Tm
(Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-6.331 -1.997 Td
(Heart disease is the nation\222s leading cause of death. Three health-re\
lated behaviors \226 tobacco use, )Tj
0 -2 TD
(lack of physical activity, and poor nutrition \226 contribute heavily to\
the onset of heart disease as )Tj
T*
(well as the heart disease related conditions, of high blood pressure and\
high blood cholesterol. )Tj
T*
(Modifying these behaviors is critical for both preventing and controllin\
g heart disease. Modest )Tj
T*
(changes in one or more of these risk factors within the population can h\
ave a large public health )Tj
T*
(impact. Heart disease can also be prevented or controlled by changing go\
vernmental policies )Tj
T*
(\(such as restricting access to tobacco\) and by changing environmental \
factors \(such as providing )Tj
T*
(better access to healthy foods and opportunities for physical activity\)\
. \(The Burden of Chronic )Tj
T*
(Diseases and Their Risk Factors, CDC, 2002\))Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(In 1999 all cardiovascular diseases combined took more than 950,000 live\
s in US, and more than )Tj
T*
(14,500 in Oklahoma. During the same year the age-adjusted mortality rate\
due to all diseases of )Tj
T*
(cardiovascular system for Oklahoma was 417/100,000 and exceeded the US r\
ate of 352/100,000 )Tj
T*
(\(Figure 1\). \(1999 Vital Statistics\) )Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Heart disease alone killed more than 725,000 Americans in 1999 and accou\
nted for more than )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(f)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
79 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
11 755 113 11 re
S
Q
q
11 755 113 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 13 751.9756 Tm
(Home Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
124 755 202 11 re
S
Q
q
124 755 202 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 126 751.9756 Tm
(Calendar Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
326 755 124 11 re
S
Q
q
326 755 124 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 328 751.9756 Tm
(Link Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
450 755 151 11 re
S
Q
q
450 755 151 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 452 751.9756 Tm
(Search Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 601 755 Tm
( )Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
11 733 590 22 re
S
Q
q
11 733 590 22 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 13 740.3755 Tm
(OSDH)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 601 733 Tm
( )Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
68.5 629 475 104 re
S
Q
q
68.5 629 475 104 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 70.5 678.3755 Tm
(Chronic Disease Service Logo Image)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 1 RG
0 i 0.72 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
23.655 613.845 m
218.235 613.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 23.655 616.0046 Tm
(Arthritis/Osteoporosis Programs)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
228.735 613.845 m
401.205 613.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 228.735 616.0046 Tm
(Cancer Prevention Programs)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
411.705 613.845 m
588.345 613.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 411.705 616.0046 Tm
(Diabetes Prevention Program)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
ET
27 593.845 m
278.19 593.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 27 596.0046 Tm
(Heart Disease and Stroke Health Program)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
288.69 593.845 m
443.67 593.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 288.69 596.0046 Tm
(Rape Prevention Program)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( | )Tj
ET
454.17 593.845 m
585 593.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 454.17 596.0046 Tm
(REACH 2010 Project)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
ET
0 0 0 RG
10 567.795 m
13.75 567.795 l
S
BT
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 10 569.9546 Tm
( )Tj
ET
104.97 537.795 m
507.03 537.795 l
S
BT
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 104.97 539.9546 Tm
(Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-6.331 -1.997 Td
(Heart disease is the nation\222s leading cause of death. Three health-re\
lated behaviors \226 tobacco use, )Tj
0 -2 TD
(lack of physical activity, and poor nutrition \226 contribute heavily to\
the onset of heart disease as )Tj
T*
(well as the heart disease related conditions, of high blood pressure and\
high blood cholesterol. )Tj
T*
(Modifying these behaviors is critical for both preventing and controllin\
g heart disease. Modest )Tj
T*
(changes in one or more of these risk factors within the population can h\
ave a large public health )Tj
T*
(impact. Heart disease can also be prevented or controlled by changing go\
vernmental policies )Tj
T*
(\(such as restricting access to tobacco\) and by changing environmental \
factors \(such as providing )Tj
T*
(better access to healthy foods and opportunities for physical activity\)\
. \(The Burden of Chronic )Tj
T*
(Diseases and Their Risk Factors, CDC, 2002\))Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(In 1999 all cardiovascular diseases combined took more than 950,000 live\
s in US, and more than )Tj
T*
(14,500 in Oklahoma. During the same year the age-adjusted mortality rate\
due to all diseases of )Tj
T*
(cardiovascular system for Oklahoma was 417/100,000 and exceeded the US r\
ate of 352/100,000 )Tj
T*
(\(Figure 1\). \(1999 Vital Statistics\) )Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Heart disease alone killed more than 725,000 Americans in 1999 and accou\
nted for more than )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
80 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(11,000 lives in Oklahoma during the same year. Of all states, Oklahoma h\
ad the third-highest rate )Tj
0 -2 TD
(of death due to diseases of the heart at 317/100,000. Heart disease acco\
unted for 32% of all )Tj
T*
(deaths in Oklahoma. Rates of death were significantly higher among black\
s than whites, and 49% )Tj
T*
(higher among men than women. \(1999 Vital Statistics\))Tj
T*
(Stroke, or cerebrovascular disease, is a major cause of death and disabi\
lity in the United States. It )Tj
T*
(is the third leading cause of death in Oklahoma as well as US, after dis\
eases of the heart and )Tj
T*
(cancers. It caused more than 2,400 deaths in Oklahoma in 1999. Rates of \
death from stroke were )Tj
T*
(34% higher among blacks than among whites. Of all states, in 1999, Oklah\
oma stroke mortality )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(rate ranked 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 95.8 509.3036 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 105.136 505.4637 Tm
( highest at 70/100,000. \(1999 Vital Statistics\))Tj
-6.342 -2 Td
( )Tj
0 -2 TD
(Tobacco use increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases by narrowing \
the vessels. In 2000, )Tj
T*
(nearly one in four of Oklahoma adults reported current cigarette smoking\
\(23%\). The highest )Tj
T*
(prevalence of smoking was among American Indians/Alaska Natives at 33% \(\
Bursac, Campbell )Tj
T*
(2002\). Twenty-one percent of middle school students and 42% of high sch\
ool students are current )Tj
T*
(\(within the last 30 days\) users of tobacco \(Oklahoma YST 1999\). Rate\
s increase from 12% )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(among 6)Tj
12 0 0 12 62.08 297.7627 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 71.416 293.9227 Tm
( graders to 45% among 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 229.306 297.7627 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 238.642 293.9227 Tm
( graders. Rates are higher for boys on both school levels. )Tj
-15.243 -2 Td
(Nearly half of high school boys report they are current users of at leas\
t one form of tobacco. )Tj
0 -2 TD
(Rates among racial/ethnic groups in middle school range from 13% among A\
frican Americans to )Tj
T*
(26% among American Indians. Similarly on the high school level rates ran\
ge from 38% among )Tj
T*
(African Americans to 50% among American Indians with Whites and Hispanic\
groups in )Tj
T*
(between \(Oklahoma YTS 1999\). One in six middle school students and one\
in three high school )Tj
T*
(students report they are current cigarette smokers \(1 or more cigarette\
s during the past 30 days\). )Tj
T*
(The proportion of students who smoke daily \(30 days per month\), increa\
ses from less than 1% in )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(6)Tj
12 0 0 12 17.5 56.2218 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 26.836 52.3818 Tm
( grade, to 13% in 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 148.486 56.2218 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 157.822 52.3818 Tm
(. As school grade increases, more current smokers become daily )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:////chromium/drop boxes/Literature Search Files/Biblio...ase Morbid\
ity, Mortality and Risk Factors Oklahoma 2002.htm \(2 of )Tj
(5\)2/2/2007 11:47:14 AM)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
81 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(11,000 lives in Oklahoma during the same year. Of all states, Oklahoma h\
ad the third-highest rate )Tj
0 -2 TD
(of death due to diseases of the heart at 317/100,000. Heart disease acco\
unted for 32% of all )Tj
T*
(deaths in Oklahoma. Rates of death were significantly higher among black\
s than whites, and 49% )Tj
T*
(higher among men than women. \(1999 Vital Statistics\))Tj
T*
(Stroke, or cerebrovascular disease, is a major cause of death and disabi\
lity in the United States. It )Tj
T*
(is the third leading cause of death in Oklahoma as well as US, after dis\
eases of the heart and )Tj
T*
(cancers. It caused more than 2,400 deaths in Oklahoma in 1999. Rates of \
death from stroke were )Tj
T*
(34% higher among blacks than among whites. Of all states, in 1999, Oklah\
oma stroke mortality )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(rate ranked 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 95.8 509.3036 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 105.136 505.4637 Tm
( highest at 70/100,000. \(1999 Vital Statistics\))Tj
-6.342 -2 Td
( )Tj
0 -2 TD
(Tobacco use increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases by narrowing \
the vessels. In 2000, )Tj
T*
(nearly one in four of Oklahoma adults reported current cigarette smoking\
\(23%\). The highest )Tj
T*
(prevalence of smoking was among American Indians/Alaska Natives at 33% \(\
Bursac, Campbell )Tj
T*
(2002\). Twenty-one percent of middle school students and 42% of high sch\
ool students are current )Tj
T*
(\(within the last 30 days\) users of tobacco \(Oklahoma YST 1999\). Rate\
s increase from 12% )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(among 6)Tj
12 0 0 12 62.08 297.7627 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 71.416 293.9227 Tm
( graders to 45% among 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 229.306 297.7627 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 238.642 293.9227 Tm
( graders. Rates are higher for boys on both school levels. )Tj
-15.243 -2 Td
(Nearly half of high school boys report they are current users of at leas\
t one form of tobacco. )Tj
0 -2 TD
(Rates among racial/ethnic groups in middle school range from 13% among A\
frican Americans to )Tj
T*
(26% among American Indians. Similarly on the high school level rates ran\
ge from 38% among )Tj
T*
(African Americans to 50% among American Indians with Whites and Hispanic\
groups in )Tj
T*
(between \(Oklahoma YTS 1999\). One in six middle school students and one\
in three high school )Tj
T*
(students report they are current cigarette smokers \(1 or more cigarette\
s during the past 30 days\). )Tj
T*
(The proportion of students who smoke daily \(30 days per month\), increa\
ses from less than 1% in )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(6)Tj
12 0 0 12 17.5 56.2218 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 26.836 52.3818 Tm
( grade, to 13% in 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 148.486 56.2218 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 157.822 52.3818 Tm
(. As school grade increases, more current smokers become daily )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(fi)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
82 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(11,000 lives in Oklahoma during the same year. Of all states, Oklahoma h\
ad the third-highest rate )Tj
0 -2 TD
(of death due to diseases of the heart at 317/100,000. Heart disease acco\
unted for 32% of all )Tj
T*
(deaths in Oklahoma. Rates of death were significantly higher among black\
s than whites, and 49% )Tj
T*
(higher among men than women. \(1999 Vital Statistics\))Tj
T*
(Stroke, or cerebrovascular disease, is a major cause of death and disabi\
lity in the United States. It )Tj
T*
(is the third leading cause of death in Oklahoma as well as US, after dis\
eases of the heart and )Tj
T*
(cancers. It caused more than 2,400 deaths in Oklahoma in 1999. Rates of \
death from stroke were )Tj
T*
(34% higher among blacks than among whites. Of all states, in 1999, Oklah\
oma stroke mortality )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(rate ranked 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 95.8 509.3036 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 105.136 505.4637 Tm
( highest at 70/100,000. \(1999 Vital Statistics\))Tj
-6.342 -2 Td
( )Tj
0 -2 TD
(Tobacco use increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases by narrowing \
the vessels. In 2000, )Tj
T*
(nearly one in four of Oklahoma adults reported current cigarette smoking\
\(23%\). The highest )Tj
T*
(prevalence of smoking was among American Indians/Alaska Natives at 33% \(\
Bursac, Campbell )Tj
T*
(2002\). Twenty-one percent of middle school students and 42% of high sch\
ool students are current )Tj
T*
(\(within the last 30 days\) users of tobacco \(Oklahoma YST 1999\). Rate\
s increase from 12% )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(among 6)Tj
12 0 0 12 62.08 297.7627 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 71.416 293.9227 Tm
( graders to 45% among 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 229.306 297.7627 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 238.642 293.9227 Tm
( graders. Rates are higher for boys on both school levels. )Tj
-15.243 -2 Td
(Nearly half of high school boys report they are current users of at leas\
t one form of tobacco. )Tj
0 -2 TD
(Rates among racial/ethnic groups in middle school range from 13% among A\
frican Americans to )Tj
T*
(26% among American Indians. Similarly on the high school level rates ran\
ge from 38% among )Tj
T*
(African Americans to 50% among American Indians with Whites and Hispanic\
groups in )Tj
T*
(between \(Oklahoma YTS 1999\). One in six middle school students and one\
in three high school )Tj
T*
(students report they are current cigarette smokers \(1 or more cigarette\
s during the past 30 days\). )Tj
T*
(The proportion of students who smoke daily \(30 days per month\), increa\
ses from less than 1% in )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(6)Tj
12 0 0 12 17.5 56.2218 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 26.836 52.3818 Tm
( grade, to 13% in 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 148.486 56.2218 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 157.822 52.3818 Tm
(. As school grade increases, more current smokers become daily )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(f)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
83 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(11,000 lives in Oklahoma during the same year. Of all states, Oklahoma h\
ad the third-highest rate )Tj
0 -2 TD
(of death due to diseases of the heart at 317/100,000. Heart disease acco\
unted for 32% of all )Tj
T*
(deaths in Oklahoma. Rates of death were significantly higher among black\
s than whites, and 49% )Tj
T*
(higher among men than women. \(1999 Vital Statistics\))Tj
T*
(Stroke, or cerebrovascular disease, is a major cause of death and disabi\
lity in the United States. It )Tj
T*
(is the third leading cause of death in Oklahoma as well as US, after dis\
eases of the heart and )Tj
T*
(cancers. It caused more than 2,400 deaths in Oklahoma in 1999. Rates of \
death from stroke were )Tj
T*
(34% higher among blacks than among whites. Of all states, in 1999, Oklah\
oma stroke mortality )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(rate ranked 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 95.8 509.3036 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 105.136 505.4637 Tm
( highest at 70/100,000. \(1999 Vital Statistics\))Tj
-6.342 -2 Td
( )Tj
0 -2 TD
(Tobacco use increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases by narrowing \
the vessels. In 2000, )Tj
T*
(nearly one in four of Oklahoma adults reported current cigarette smoking\
\(23%\). The highest )Tj
T*
(prevalence of smoking was among American Indians/Alaska Natives at 33% \(\
Bursac, Campbell )Tj
T*
(2002\). Twenty-one percent of middle school students and 42% of high sch\
ool students are current )Tj
T*
(\(within the last 30 days\) users of tobacco \(Oklahoma YST 1999\). Rate\
s increase from 12% )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(among 6)Tj
12 0 0 12 62.08 297.7627 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 71.416 293.9227 Tm
( graders to 45% among 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 229.306 297.7627 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 238.642 293.9227 Tm
( graders. Rates are higher for boys on both school levels. )Tj
-15.243 -2 Td
(Nearly half of high school boys report they are current users of at leas\
t one form of tobacco. )Tj
0 -2 TD
(Rates among racial/ethnic groups in middle school range from 13% among A\
frican Americans to )Tj
T*
(26% among American Indians. Similarly on the high school level rates ran\
ge from 38% among )Tj
T*
(African Americans to 50% among American Indians with Whites and Hispanic\
groups in )Tj
T*
(between \(Oklahoma YTS 1999\). One in six middle school students and one\
in three high school )Tj
T*
(students report they are current cigarette smokers \(1 or more cigarette\
s during the past 30 days\). )Tj
T*
(The proportion of students who smoke daily \(30 days per month\), increa\
ses from less than 1% in )Tj
0 -2.103 TD
(6)Tj
12 0 0 12 17.5 56.2218 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 26.836 52.3818 Tm
( grade, to 13% in 12)Tj
12 0 0 12 148.486 56.2218 Tm
(th)Tj
15 0 0 15 157.822 52.3818 Tm
(. As school grade increases, more current smokers become daily )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
84 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 780.17 Tm
(s)Tj
ET
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(smokers. Boys and girls are equally likely to be current smokers. Africa\
n American youth are )Tj
0 -2 TD
(least likely to report they are current smokers compared to other youth \
\(Oklahoma YTS 1999\). )Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Regular and sustained physical activity greatly reduces a person\222s ri\
sk of dying of heart disease. )Tj
T*
(Despite the proven benefits of being physically active, more than 28% of\
US adults report no )Tj
T*
(leisure-time physical activity. In Oklahoma that number is even greater.\
In 2000, Oklahoma )Tj
T*
(ranked third highest of all states in percentage of adults who report no\
-leisure-time physical )Tj
T*
(activity at more than 34%. Sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity a\
re also becoming a major )Tj
T*
(problem among Oklahoma youth. Two factors that have contributed to the d\
ecline in physical )Tj
T*
(activity of children are a greater reliance on television and computers \
for entertainment and )Tj
T*
(decreased participation in physical education programs in schools. Good \
nutrition including a diet )Tj
T*
(that is low in saturated fats and contains five or more servings of frui\
ts and vegetables each day )Tj
T*
(plays a major role in maintaining good health. Improving the American di\
et could extend the )Tj
T*
(productive life span and reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases, incl\
uding heart diseases and )Tj
T*
(stroke. Close to 82% of adult Oklahomans reported eating fewer than five\
servings of fruits and )Tj
T*
(vegetables daily, which is the third highest percentage of all states in\
2000. Men tend to eat less )Tj
T*
(fruits and vegetables than women, as well as all minority groups compare\
d to white population. )Tj
T*
(\(2000 BRFSS\))Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(In 2000, 56% of adult Oklahomans were overweight, which is a significant\
increase from 45% in )Tj
T*
(1990, primarily due to an almost 10% increase in prevalence of obesity. \
Prevalence of obesity in )Tj
T*
(Oklahoma significantly increased from 11% in 1990 to 20% in 2000, with t\
he highest point being )Tj
T*
(21% in 1999. Clearly, the obesity epidemic has spread throughout the sta\
te of Oklahoma in the )Tj
T*
(same manner as it did throughout the entire US. Combined data from 1999 \
and 2000 BRFSS )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:////chromium/drop boxes/Literature Search Files/Biblio...ase Morbid\
ity, Mortality and Risk Factors Oklahoma 2002.htm \(3 of )Tj
(5\)2/2/2007 11:47:14 AM)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
85 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(smokers. Boys and girls are equally likely to be current smokers. Africa\
n American youth are )Tj
0 -2 TD
(least likely to report they are current smokers compared to other youth \
\(Oklahoma YTS 1999\). )Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Regular and sustained physical activity greatly reduces a person\222s ri\
sk of dying of heart disease. )Tj
T*
(Despite the proven benefits of being physically active, more than 28% of\
US adults report no )Tj
T*
(leisure-time physical activity. In Oklahoma that number is even greater.\
In 2000, Oklahoma )Tj
T*
(ranked third highest of all states in percentage of adults who report no\
-leisure-time physical )Tj
T*
(activity at more than 34%. Sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity a\
re also becoming a major )Tj
T*
(problem among Oklahoma youth. Two factors that have contributed to the d\
ecline in physical )Tj
T*
(activity of children are a greater reliance on television and computers \
for entertainment and )Tj
T*
(decreased participation in physical education programs in schools. Good \
nutrition including a diet )Tj
T*
(that is low in saturated fats and contains five or more servings of frui\
ts and vegetables each day )Tj
T*
(plays a major role in maintaining good health. Improving the American di\
et could extend the )Tj
T*
(productive life span and reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases, incl\
uding heart diseases and )Tj
T*
(stroke. Close to 82% of adult Oklahomans reported eating fewer than five\
servings of fruits and )Tj
T*
(vegetables daily, which is the third highest percentage of all states in\
2000. Men tend to eat less )Tj
T*
(fruits and vegetables than women, as well as all minority groups compare\
d to white population. )Tj
T*
(\(2000 BRFSS\))Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(In 2000, 56% of adult Oklahomans were overweight, which is a significant\
increase from 45% in )Tj
T*
(1990, primarily due to an almost 10% increase in prevalence of obesity. \
Prevalence of obesity in )Tj
T*
(Oklahoma significantly increased from 11% in 1990 to 20% in 2000, with t\
he highest point being )Tj
T*
(21% in 1999. Clearly, the obesity epidemic has spread throughout the sta\
te of Oklahoma in the )Tj
T*
(same manner as it did throughout the entire US. Combined data from 1999 \
and 2000 BRFSS )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:////chromium/drop boxes/Literature Search Files/Biblio...ase Morbid\
ity, Mortality and Risk Factors Oklahoma 2002.htm \(3 of )Tj
(5\)2/2/2007 11:47:14 AM)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
86 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(smokers. Boys and girls are equally likely to be current smokers. Africa\
n American youth are )Tj
0 -2 TD
(least likely to report they are current smokers compared to other youth \
\(Oklahoma YTS 1999\). )Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Regular and sustained physical activity greatly reduces a person\222s ri\
sk of dying of heart disease. )Tj
T*
(Despite the proven benefits of being physically active, more than 28% of\
US adults report no )Tj
T*
(leisure-time physical activity. In Oklahoma that number is even greater.\
In 2000, Oklahoma )Tj
T*
(ranked third highest of all states in percentage of adults who report no\
-leisure-time physical )Tj
T*
(activity at more than 34%. Sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity a\
re also becoming a major )Tj
T*
(problem among Oklahoma youth. Two factors that have contributed to the d\
ecline in physical )Tj
T*
(activity of children are a greater reliance on television and computers \
for entertainment and )Tj
T*
(decreased participation in physical education programs in schools. Good \
nutrition including a diet )Tj
T*
(that is low in saturated fats and contains five or more servings of frui\
ts and vegetables each day )Tj
T*
(plays a major role in maintaining good health. Improving the American di\
et could extend the )Tj
T*
(productive life span and reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases, incl\
uding heart diseases and )Tj
T*
(stroke. Close to 82% of adult Oklahomans reported eating fewer than five\
servings of fruits and )Tj
T*
(vegetables daily, which is the third highest percentage of all states in\
2000. Men tend to eat less )Tj
T*
(fruits and vegetables than women, as well as all minority groups compare\
d to white population. )Tj
T*
(\(2000 BRFSS\))Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(In 2000, 56% of adult Oklahomans were overweight, which is a significant\
increase from 45% in )Tj
T*
(1990, primarily due to an almost 10% increase in prevalence of obesity. \
Prevalence of obesity in )Tj
T*
(Oklahoma significantly increased from 11% in 1990 to 20% in 2000, with t\
he highest point being )Tj
T*
(21% in 1999. Clearly, the obesity epidemic has spread throughout the sta\
te of Oklahoma in the )Tj
T*
(same manner as it did throughout the entire US. Combined data from 1999 \
and 2000 BRFSS )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(f)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
87 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(smokers. Boys and girls are equally likely to be current smokers. Africa\
n American youth are )Tj
0 -2 TD
(least likely to report they are current smokers compared to other youth \
\(Oklahoma YTS 1999\). )Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Regular and sustained physical activity greatly reduces a person\222s ri\
sk of dying of heart disease. )Tj
T*
(Despite the proven benefits of being physically active, more than 28% of\
US adults report no )Tj
T*
(leisure-time physical activity. In Oklahoma that number is even greater.\
In 2000, Oklahoma )Tj
T*
(ranked third highest of all states in percentage of adults who report no\
-leisure-time physical )Tj
T*
(activity at more than 34%. Sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity a\
re also becoming a major )Tj
T*
(problem among Oklahoma youth. Two factors that have contributed to the d\
ecline in physical )Tj
T*
(activity of children are a greater reliance on television and computers \
for entertainment and )Tj
T*
(decreased participation in physical education programs in schools. Good \
nutrition including a diet )Tj
T*
(that is low in saturated fats and contains five or more servings of frui\
ts and vegetables each day )Tj
T*
(plays a major role in maintaining good health. Improving the American di\
et could extend the )Tj
T*
(productive life span and reduce the occurrence of chronic diseases, incl\
uding heart diseases and )Tj
T*
(stroke. Close to 82% of adult Oklahomans reported eating fewer than five\
servings of fruits and )Tj
T*
(vegetables daily, which is the third highest percentage of all states in\
2000. Men tend to eat less )Tj
T*
(fruits and vegetables than women, as well as all minority groups compare\
d to white population. )Tj
T*
(\(2000 BRFSS\))Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(In 2000, 56% of adult Oklahomans were overweight, which is a significant\
increase from 45% in )Tj
T*
(1990, primarily due to an almost 10% increase in prevalence of obesity. \
Prevalence of obesity in )Tj
T*
(Oklahoma significantly increased from 11% in 1990 to 20% in 2000, with t\
he highest point being )Tj
T*
(21% in 1999. Clearly, the obesity epidemic has spread throughout the sta\
te of Oklahoma in the )Tj
T*
(same manner as it did throughout the entire US. Combined data from 1999 \
and 2000 BRFSS )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
88 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(show that 44 out of 77 Oklahoma counties have obesity prevalence greater\
than 20%. )Tj
0 -2 TD
(Furthermore, 18 counties have prevalence of obesity ranging between 15 a\
nd 20%, putting a total )Tj
T*
(of 62 Oklahoma counties above the national 2010 health objective of redu\
cing the obesity to )Tj
T*
(15%. Obesity prevalence was the highest among American Indian/Alaska Na\
tives at 28%. Initial )Tj
T*
(results from the 1999 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey \(\
NHANES\), using )Tj
T*
(measured heights and weights, indicate that an estimated 13 percent of c\
hildren ages 6-11 years )Tj
T*
(and 14 percent of adolescents ages 12-19 years are overweight. This repr\
esents a 2 to 3 percent )Tj
T*
(increase from the overweight estimates of 11 percent obtained from NHANE\
S III \(1988-94\). The )Tj
T*
(percentage of children and adolescents who are defined as overweight has\
more than doubled )Tj
T*
(since the early1970s.)Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for stroke. One in five of\
Oklahoma adults suffer )Tj
T*
(from high blood pressure \(21%\). It is significantly more prevalent amo\
ng the black population )Tj
T*
(\(30%\), and also higher among women than men \(24% and 17% respectively\
\). \(1999 BRFSS\))Tj
T*
(High blood cholesterol levels increase the risk for coronary heart disea\
se and myocardial )Tj
T*
(infarction. More than 21% of adults in Oklahoma have been diagnosed with\
high cholesterol )Tj
T*
(levels. The Hispanic population of Oklahoma has the highest prevalence,\
close to 24%. \(1999 )Tj
T*
(BRFSS\))Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Heart disease is 2-6 times more likely to occur among persons with diabe\
tes. Prevalence of )Tj
T*
(diabetes has increased in Oklahoma in the last ten years. Between 1998 a\
nd 2000, the average )Tj
T*
(three-year diabetes prevalence for Oklahoma equaled 6.4%. However, it is\
significantly higher )Tj
T*
(among minority groups especially American Indian/Alaska Natives for whom\
it exceeds 8% )Tj
T*
(\(REACH 2010 BRFS\). In 2000 estimated 140,000 adults in Oklahoma had di\
agnosed diabetes. In )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:////chromium/drop boxes/Literature Search Files/Biblio...ase Morbid\
ity, Mortality and Risk Factors Oklahoma 2002.htm \(4 of )Tj
(5\)2/2/2007 11:47:14 AM)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
89 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(show that 44 out of 77 Oklahoma counties have obesity prevalence greater\
than 20%. )Tj
0 -2 TD
(Furthermore, 18 counties have prevalence of obesity ranging between 15 a\
nd 20%, putting a total )Tj
T*
(of 62 Oklahoma counties above the national 2010 health objective of redu\
cing the obesity to )Tj
T*
(15%. Obesity prevalence was the highest among American Indian/Alaska Na\
tives at 28%. Initial )Tj
T*
(results from the 1999 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey \(\
NHANES\), using )Tj
T*
(measured heights and weights, indicate that an estimated 13 percent of c\
hildren ages 6-11 years )Tj
T*
(and 14 percent of adolescents ages 12-19 years are overweight. This repr\
esents a 2 to 3 percent )Tj
T*
(increase from the overweight estimates of 11 percent obtained from NHANE\
S III \(1988-94\). The )Tj
T*
(percentage of children and adolescents who are defined as overweight has\
more than doubled )Tj
T*
(since the early1970s.)Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for stroke. One in five of\
Oklahoma adults suffer )Tj
T*
(from high blood pressure \(21%\). It is significantly more prevalent amo\
ng the black population )Tj
T*
(\(30%\), and also higher among women than men \(24% and 17% respectively\
\). \(1999 BRFSS\))Tj
T*
(High blood cholesterol levels increase the risk for coronary heart disea\
se and myocardial )Tj
T*
(infarction. More than 21% of adults in Oklahoma have been diagnosed with\
high cholesterol )Tj
T*
(levels. The Hispanic population of Oklahoma has the highest prevalence,\
close to 24%. \(1999 )Tj
T*
(BRFSS\))Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(Heart disease is 2-6 times more likely to occur among persons with diabe\
tes. Prevalence of )Tj
T*
(diabetes has increased in Oklahoma in the last ten years. Between 1998 a\
nd 2000, the average )Tj
T*
(three-year diabetes prevalence for Oklahoma equaled 6.4%. However, it is\
significantly higher )Tj
T*
(among minority groups especially American Indian/Alaska Natives for whom\
it exceeds 8% )Tj
T*
(\(REACH 2010 BRFS\). In 2000 estimated 140,000 adults in Oklahoma had di\
agnosed diabetes. In )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
90 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(1999 rates of death from diabetes were 180% higher among American Indian\
s/Alaska Natives, )Tj
0 -2 TD
(and 160% higher among blacks than among whites. \(1999 Vital Statistics\)\
)Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(It is clear that cardiovascular disease presents an enormous burden for \
Oklahoma. The age-)Tj
T*
(adjusted mortality rates are higher for diseases of the heart and stroke\
in Oklahoma as compared )Tj
T*
(to US. There are gender and racial disparities, with black men being the\
most likely die from )Tj
T*
(these diseases \(Figure 1\). Further, the risk factors for cardiovascula\
r disease have higher )Tj
T*
(prevalence in Oklahoma as compared to US overall prevalence. Cigarette s\
moking, lack of )Tj
T*
(leisure time physical activity, eating less than five fruits and vegetab\
les a day, and obesity are all )Tj
T*
(contributing to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.)Tj
0 -1.6 TD
(Return to )Tj
ET
0 0 1 RG
0.72 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
70 450.845 m
217.465 450.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 70 453.0046 Tm
(Chronic Disease Service)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
-4 -1.233 Td
( )Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
1 w
86.5 420 113 11 re
S
Q
q
86.5 420 113 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 88.5 416.9756 Tm
(Home Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
199.5 420 202 11 re
S
Q
q
199.5 420 202 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 201.5 416.9756 Tm
(Calendar Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
401.5 420 124 11 re
S
Q
q
401.5 420 124 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 403.5 416.9756 Tm
(Link Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
230.5 409 151 11 re
S
Q
q
230.5 409 151 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 232.5 405.9756 Tm
(Search Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 381.5 409 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 9 0 0 9 18 7.17 Tm
(file:////chromium/drop boxes/Literature Search Files/Biblio...ase Morbid\
ity, Mortality and Risk Factors Oklahoma 2002.htm \(5 of )Tj
(5\)2/2/2007 11:47:14 AM)Tj
ET
EMC
endstream
endobj
91 0 obj<>stream
/Artifact <>BDC
EMC
/Article <>BDC
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 10 747.0046 Tm
(1999 rates of death from diabetes were 180% higher among American Indian\
s/Alaska Natives, )Tj
0 -2 TD
(and 160% higher among blacks than among whites. \(1999 Vital Statistics\)\
)Tj
T*
( )Tj
T*
(It is clear that cardiovascular disease presents an enormous burden for \
Oklahoma. The age-)Tj
T*
(adjusted mortality rates are higher for diseases of the heart and stroke\
in Oklahoma as compared )Tj
T*
(to US. There are gender and racial disparities, with black men being the\
most likely die from )Tj
T*
(these diseases \(Figure 1\). Further, the risk factors for cardiovascula\
r disease have higher )Tj
T*
(prevalence in Oklahoma as compared to US overall prevalence. Cigarette s\
moking, lack of )Tj
T*
(leisure time physical activity, eating less than five fruits and vegetab\
les a day, and obesity are all )Tj
T*
(contributing to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.)Tj
0 -1.6 TD
(Return to )Tj
ET
0 0 1 RG
0.72 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
70 450.845 m
217.465 450.845 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 70 453.0046 Tm
(Chronic Disease Service)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
-4 -1.233 Td
( )Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
1 w
86.5 420 113 11 re
S
Q
q
86.5 420 113 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 88.5 416.9756 Tm
(Home Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
199.5 420 202 11 re
S
Q
q
199.5 420 202 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 201.5 416.9756 Tm
(Calendar Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
401.5 420 124 11 re
S
Q
q
401.5 420 124 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 403.5 416.9756 Tm
(Link Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
1 0 0 RG
0 i 1 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
230.5 409 151 11 re
S
Q
q
230.5 409 151 11 re
W* n
1 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 232.5 405.9756 Tm
(Search Button)Tj
ET
Q
q
0 18 612 756 re
W* n
0 0 0 rg
0 i
BT
/T1_0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 14 0 0 14 381.5 409 Tm
( )Tj
ET
EMC
/Artifact <>BDC
Q
EMC
endstream
endobj
92 0 obj<>stream
2007-02-05T08:55:49-05:00
2007-02-02T11:47:13-05:00
2007-02-05T08:55:49-05:00
application/pdf
CVD Morbidity, Mortality and Risk Factors
uuid:414aae5d-e455-4b7c-83a8-582c306f3a85
uuid:7fdcbd25-3e64-4fff-a1e8-31d76d1cb689
Acrobat Web Capture 7.0
endstream
endobj
xref
1 1
0000036070 00000 n
3 1
0000036197 00000 n
11 1
0000036370 00000 n
31 1
0000036561 00000 n
33 1
0000036729 00000 n
35 1
0000036897 00000 n
37 1
0000037065 00000 n
77 16
0000037245 00000 n
0000041774 00000 n
0000046145 00000 n
0000050431 00000 n
0000053747 00000 n
0000056906 00000 n
0000060064 00000 n
0000063137 00000 n
0000065985 00000 n
0000068832 00000 n
0000071521 00000 n
0000074125 00000 n
0000076833 00000 n
0000079298 00000 n
0000081927 00000 n
0000084313 00000 n
trailer
<]/Prev 35729 >>
startxref
87805
%%EOF