Multilingual Illustrated DVD [Tutorial]
The Biology of Prenatal Development
CHIDZIDZO CHEBIOLOGY PAKUKURA KWEMWANA MUDUMBU
Shona
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Table of Contents
- THE EMBRYONIC PERIOD (THE FIRST 8 WEEKS)
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- EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: THE FIRST 4 WEEKS
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- Chapter 3 – Fertilization
- Chapter 4 – DNA, Cell Division, and Early Pregnancy Factor (EPF)
- Chapter 5 – Early Stages (Morula and Blastocyst) and Stem Cells
- Chapter 6 – 1 to 1 1/2 Weeks: Implantation and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
- Chapter 7 – The Placenta and Umbilical Cord
- Chapter 8 – Nutrition and Protection
- Chapter 9 – 2 to 4 Weeks: Germ Layers and Organ Formation
- Chapter 10 – 3 to 4 Weeks: The Folding of the Embryo
- EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 4 TO 6 WEEKS
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- Chapter 11 – 4 Weeks: Amniotic Fluid
- Chapter 12 – The Heart in Action
- Chapter 13 – Brain Growth
- Chapter 14 – Limb Buds and Skin
- Chapter 15 – 5 Weeks: Cerebral Hemispheres
- Chapter 16 – Major Airways
- Chapter 17 – Liver and Kidneys
- Chapter 18 – Yolk Sac and Germ Cells
- Chapter 19 – Hand Plates and Cartilage
- EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 6 TO 8 WEEKS
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- Chapter 20 – 6 Weeks: Motion and Sensation
- Chapter 21 – The External Ear and Blood Cell Formation
- Chapter 22 – The Diaphragm and Intestines
- Chapter 23 – Hand Plates and Brainwaves
- Chapter 24 – Nipple Formation
- Chapter 25 – Limb Development
- Chapter 26 – 7 Weeks: Hiccups and Startle Response
- Chapter 27 – The Maturing Heart
- Chapter 28 – Ovaries and Eyes
- Chapter 29 – Fingers and Toes
- THE 8-WEEK EMBRYO
- THE FETAL PERIOD (8 WEEKS THROUGH BIRTH)
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- Chapter 37 – 9 Weeks: Swallows, Sighs, and Stretches
- Chapter 38 – 10 Weeks: Rolls Eyes and Yawns, Fingernails & Fingerprints
- Chapter 39 – 11 Weeks: Absorbs Glucose and Water
- Chapter 40 – 3 to 4 Months (12 to 16 Weeks): Taste Buds, Jaw Motion, Rooting Reflex, Quickening
- Chapter 41 – 4 to 5 Months (16 to 20 Weeks): Stress Response, Vernix Caseosa, Circadian Rhythms
- Chapter 42 – 5 to 6 Months (20 to 24 Weeks): Responds to Sound; Hair and Skin; Age of Viability
- Chapter 43 – 6 to 7 Months (24 to 28 Weeks): Blink-Startle; Pupils Respond to Light; Smell and Taste
- Chapter 44 – 7 to 8 Months (28 to 32 Weeks): Sound Discrimination, Behavioral States
- Chapter 45 – 8 to 9 Months (32 to 36 Weeks): Alveoli Formation, Firm Grasp, Taste Preferences
- Chapter 46 – 9 Months to Birth (36 Weeks through Birth)
The Fetal Period (8 Weeks through Birth)
Chapter 37 9 Weeks: Swallows, Sighs, and Stretches
Zera re"fetal period" rinoguma
panoberekwa mwana.
Pamasvondo mapfumbamwe,
kuyamwa chigunwe kunotanga,
iyi ndiyo nguva mwana anenge
avekumedza "amniotic fluid".
Pano "fetus" inenge yavekubata
zvinhu,
kufambisa musoro kuendesa kumberi
nekumashure,
kushama nekuvhara muromo, kufambisa
rurimi, kufemereka nekuzvitatamura.
Tsinga dzekumeso, nedzemukati memaoko, nemukati metsoka dzinenge dzavekunzwa kubatwa.
"Kana ikabatwa zvinyoro-nyoro mukati metsoka," "fetus" inokotamisa magaro nemabvi kanakupeta zvigunwe.
Tsinga dzekumeso, nedzemukati memaoko, nemukati metsoka dzinenge dzavekunzwa kubatwa.
"Kana ikabatwa zvinyoro-nyoro mukati metsoka," "fetus" inokotamisa magaro nemabvi kanakupeta zvigunwe.
Pano maziso anenge
Akanyatsovharwa.
Muhuro munenge mavekuwonekwa,
nhengo dzekubudisa izwi
uye izvi zvinoreva
kuti izwi ravekuzobuda.
Muvanasikana, chibereko
chinenge chavekuonekwa uye
zvese zvemumhukadzi zvinenge zvavepo,
ma "cell" acho anonzi "oogonia",
anenge achigadzirwa
muma "ovary".
Zvinoratidza kuti munhuyiko zvoonekwawo kuvakomana kana vasikana.
Zvinoratidza kuti munhuyiko zvoonekwawo kuvakomana kana vasikana.
Chapter 38 10 Weeks: Rolls Eyes and Yawns, Fingernails & Fingerprints
Kukura kwakakurumidza pakati
pemasvondo mapfumbamwe negumi
kunowedzera huremo hwemiri
zvakanyanya (75%).
Pamasvondo gumi, kubwaira
kunenge kwatanga
kunokonzera kuti ziso rigone
kufamba richitarisa pasi.
"Fetus" inotanga kushama nekuvhara muromo.
"Fetus" inotanga kushama nekuvhara muromo.
"Fetus" zhinji dzinoyamwa
chigunwe chekurudyi.
Divi rehura mudumbu hwakabatana neguvhu hwavakudzokera mukati medumbu.
Divi rehura mudumbu hwakabatana neguvhu hwavakudzokera mukati medumbu.
Kusimba kwemapfupa
kwavekuitika.
Nzara dzeminwe nezvigunwe
dzinenge dzavekutanga kukura.
Minwe yakasiyana-siyana inotanga
Kubuda pakupera kwemasvondo gumi.
Izvi ndizvo zvinoshandiswa
pakuzivisa munhu muhupenyu hwese.
Chapter 39 11 Weeks: Absorbs Glucose and Water
Pamasvondo gumi nerimwechete
mhuno nemuromo
zvinenge zvanyatsobuda.
Sezvinoita nhengo dzemuviri,
zvinoshanduka nekukura uye
nguva yega-yega inezvainoita
pamakuriro emunhu.
Hura hunotanga
kuchengeta zvekudya nemvura
zvinenge zvamedzwa ne"fetus".
Kuti munhuyiko?
zvinogadzirwa pakusangana,
zvonoratidza kuti munhuyiko
zvinotanga kuonekwa
pamurume kana mukadzi.
Chapter 40 3 to 4 Months (12 to 16 Weeks): Taste Buds, Jaw Motion, Rooting Reflex, Quickening
Pakati pemasvondo gumi
nerimwe negumi nemaviri
huremo hwe:fetus" hunowanda
zvakaita (60%).
Pamasvondo 12 ndipo Panopera chidimbu chechitatu chekutanga, kana kuti "trimester", yenhumbu.
Pamasvondo 12 ndipo Panopera chidimbu chechitatu chekutanga, kana kuti "trimester", yenhumbu.
Pano zvinopa kuraira zvinodyiwa
zvavakuwanikwa mumukanwa.
Panozvarwa mwana, zvekuraira
Kudya zvinowanikwa
parurimi chete nemukati
nechepamusoro pemukanwa.
Pano tsvina inotanga kubuda
pamasvondo guminemaviri
zvigoramba zvakadaro kusvika
masvondo matanhatu.
Tsvina iyi inobuda mu'fetus' nemuvana vacheche inonzi "meconium". Inosanganisa zvinonzi ma"enzyme" anobatsira kuzeya, ma'proteins',uye dzimwewo nhengo dzakafa dzinenge dzichibuda muhura.
Tsvina iyi inobuda mu'fetus' nemuvana vacheche inonzi "meconium". Inosanganisa zvinonzi ma"enzyme" anobatsira kuzeya, ma'proteins',uye dzimwewo nhengo dzakafa dzinenge dzichibuda muhura.
Pamasvondo makumi maviri,
kureba kwemaoko
kunenge kwava kuzokwana
kusvika pazera remunhu.
Makumbo anotora nguva yakareba
kusvika pazera
rakakwanira munhu.
Kusara kwemusana
nepanhova,
muviri wese kana "fetus"
yave kuvhunduka ikabatwa.
Zvinoita kutivarume nevakadzi
vasiyane
zvinotanga kuonekwa.
"Fetus" yechikadzi inoratidza
kufambisa muromo zvakanyanya
kupfuura "fetus" yechirume.
Izvi zvakasiyana nekuvhunduka
kunoitika pakutanga,
iyi ndiyo nguva mwana
anocheukira kuri kubva
chekudya uye muromo uchivhurwa.
Kucheuka uku kunonzi
"rooting reflex"
uye kunoramba kuriko
mwana azvarwa,
uye kunobatsira kuti mwana
agone kuwana kunezamu ramai
paanenge achiyamwa.
Kumeso kunoramba kuchikura
apawo nyama inowanikwa
matama otanga kukura
mazino achitangawo kumera.
Pamasvondo gumi nemashanu, tsinga
dzeropa dze"stem cells" dzinokura
dzichiwanda mumwongo wemapfupa.
Apa ndipo panogadzirwa
ropa rakawanda.
Kufamba-famba kunotanga
musvondo rechitanhatu re"embryo",
mudzimai ane nhumbu anonzwa
kufamba-famba
pakati pemasvondo gumi nemana
negumi nemasere
Chiitiko ichi chinopiwa
zita rekuti "quickening".
Chapter 41 4 to 5 Months (16 to 20 Weeks): Stress Response, Vernix Caseosa, Circadian Rhythms
Pakupera kwemasvondo 10 ne6,matanho
ekurapa anoshandisa zvinobaya
zvinenge tsono kana zvimwe
pedyo ne'fetus'
zvinokanganisa ma "hormone"
obva avhunduka
achibva aburitsa "noradrenaline",
kana "norepinephrine",
yosangana neropa.
Vana vacheche kana vanhu vakuru
vanowanikwawo nezvakadai
kana vavhundutswa nekubayiwa.
Munhengo dzekufemesa,
mapapu nezvakadaro
zvavakutokwana.
Panobuda zvimwe zvichena
Zvinodzivirira
zvinonzi "vernix caseosa",
zvinofukidza 'fetus'yese.
"Vernix " iyi inodzivirira ganda
kuti risakuvadzwe kana
kupiswa ne"amniotic fluid".
Mushure memasvondo 19 ekufamba
kwe "fetus" kufema kunotanga,
nekurova kwemwoyo kwotanga
kutevera nzira yemazuva ese
inonzi "circadian rhythms".
Chapter 42 5 to 6 Months (20 to 24 Weeks): Responds to Sound; Hair and Skin; Age of Viability
Pamakumi maviri emasvondo
chekunzwa,
chirimukati-kati menzeve,
chinenge chatokwana
kuenzana nechemunhu mukuru
uye chiri mukatikati menzeve
Kubva pano,
"fetus" inotanga kuratidza
kunzwa zvakawanda.
Bvudzi rinotanga kumera
mumusoro.
Zvinodiwa paganda zvavapo zvese, kusanganisa tumvere nezviri pasi peganda.
Zvinodiwa paganda zvavapo zvese, kusanganisa tumvere nezviri pasi peganda.
Pamasvondo makumi maviri ane
rimwe kana maviri muchangosangana,
mapapu anenge avekukwanisa
kufema mweya.
Ichi chinhanho chakakosha
pakurarama
sekuti kurarama kwemwana
abuda mudumbu
kunokwanisika
Pane mamwe ma'fetus'
Pane nzira dzanozikanwa
nenyanzvi dzanachiremba
dzekuti mwana akwanise
kurarama
kana aberekwa nguva isati
yakwana.
Chapter 43 6 to 7 Months (24 to 28 Weeks): Blink-Startle; Pupils Respond to Light; Smell and Taste
Pakupera kwesvondo makumi maviri
anemana maziso anotanga kusvinura
uye "fetus"
inotanga kubwaira.
Kutanga kunzwa,
mheremhere
kunonyanya kukurumidza kutanga
pa "fetus" yechikadzi.
Vanamazvikokota vakawanda
vanoti kunzwa mheremhere uku
kunogona kukanganisa
hutano hwe "fetus".
Zvinowanzoitika apa
kukanganisa marovero
anota mwoyo,
"fetus" ichikurumidza kumedza,
nekukurumidza kushanduka magariro.
Zvinogona kunganganisika zvachose
zvinosanganisira kusanzwa zvachose.
Kana "fetus" ichikanganisika
pakufema kana kuzarirwa
zvakafanana nekufemera mukati nekunze
kanokwanisa kuita ka44 paminiti yega
Pachidimbu chekupedzisira
chemwedzi mitatu yenhumbu,
uropi hunokurumidza kukura
uye simba zhinji
rinoshandiswa ne "fetus".
Kurema kwehuropi kunowanda
zvakapetwa kanokwanisa kuita kashanu
Pamasvondo 20 anematanhatu
misodzi inotanga kubuda.
Maziso anotanga kunzwa kutosvorwa, pamasvondo makumi maviri nemanomwe Kutosvorwa uku kunoita kuti kupenya kusasvike mukati meziso muhupenyu hwemwana hwese.
Maziso anotanga kunzwa kutosvorwa, pamasvondo makumi maviri nemanomwe Kutosvorwa uku kunoita kuti kupenya kusasvike mukati meziso muhupenyu hwemwana hwese.
Zvese zvinodiwa
pakushandisa nhengo dzinonhuhwidza
zvinenge zvavakushanda
Zvakaongororwa pamapurimicha
zvinoratidza kuti
kugona kunhuwidza
kunotanga pamasvondo makumi maviri
nenhanhatu muchangosangana.
Kanapakaiswa chinhu chinonhuwirira mukati me "amniotic fluid" zvinowedzera kumedza kunoitwa ne "fetus". Pane zvinoita kuti, "fetus" ikanganisike kumedza nekunge paiswa zvinovava. Kazhinji kufinyamisa kumeso kunotevera.
Kanapakaiswa chinhu chinonhuwirira mukati me "amniotic fluid" zvinowedzera kumedza kunoitwa ne "fetus". Pane zvinoita kuti, "fetus" ikanganisike kumedza nekunge paiswa zvinovava. Kazhinji kufinyamisa kumeso kunotevera.
Dzimwe nguva pane kunenge
kukava makumbo
kwakafanana nekufamba,kunoitika
kunenge kusvetuka-svetuka.
Iyezvino "fetus" inenge
isisina kuwunyana kumeso
sezvo mafuta anenge
avekuwanikwa mukati meganda.
Mafuta anobatsira
kuti muviri usatonhorwe
Uye kupa simba kumwana kana
aberekwa.
Chapter 44 7 to 8 Months (28 to 32 Weeks): Sound Discrimination, Behavioral States
Pakupera kwemasvondo makumi
maviri nemasere 'fetus'inokwanisa
kunzwa mhere-mhere
nezeve-zeve.
Pakupera kwemasvondo 30,kuratidza
kufema kunenge kwavekuonekwa
uye kwavekuonekwa nguva
zhinji mu "fetus" zhinji.
Pamwedzi mina yekupedzisira
yenhumbu,
"fetus" inoratidza
nguva yekutamba
igoratidzawo nguva yekuzorora.
Izvi zvinoratidza
zvakahwanda zviri
mukati-kati
metsinga dzehuropi.
Chapter 45 8 to 9 Months (32 to 36 Weeks): Alveoli Formation, Firm Grasp, Taste Preferences
Pamasvondo makumi matatu
Anemaviri
zvinonzi "alveoli",
kana zvekufemesa,
zvinotanga kukura mumapapu.
Izvi zvicharamba zvichikura
kusvikira mwana avenemakore 8.
Pamasvondo 35 "fetus" inenge
yavekugona kubata.
Pano "fetus" yanga ichiwana
Zvakawanda-wanda
zvichaita kuti mwana
adewo izvozvo kana azvarwa.
Pano tingati "fetus" inamai
vaidya "anise",
chidyo chinopa chiwitsi
che"licorice" manakiro,
achadawo kudya
"anise" kana azvarwa.
Vacheche vasina kumboraira "anise"
mudumbu havadi kana kuidya.
Chapter 46 9 Months to Birth (36 Weeks through Birth)
'Fetus' ndiyo inotanga
kuda kubuda
nekubuditsa ma"hormone" akawanda
anonzi "estrogen"
uye ndipo panotanga kushanduka
kwe "fetus" kuita mwana.
Kurwadziwa kwamai kunokonzerwa nekutatamuka kwechibereko, zvinokonzera kuti mwana aberekwe.
Kurwadziwa kwamai kunokonzerwa nekutatamuka kwechibereko, zvinokonzera kuti mwana aberekwe.
Kubva pakusangana
Kusvika pakuzvarwa nekukura,
makururo emunhu chinhu chisingapere,
chinoenderera, uye chisina anoziva.
Pane zvitsva zvirikuwanikwa
nezvenyaya iyi inoshamisa chaizvo
zvinoratidza kukosha kunoita
kuchengeta "fetus" ichikura
zvinova zvakanaka uye zvinopa
hutano hwakanaka.
Kana tichiramba tichiwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu nyaya iyi, zvichatibatsirawo kuti vana vawane utano hwakanaka vasati vazvarwa nekunge vazvarwa.
Kana tichiramba tichiwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu nyaya iyi, zvichatibatsirawo kuti vana vawane utano hwakanaka vasati vazvarwa nekunge vazvarwa.