Multilingual Illustrated DVD [Tutorial]
The Biology of Prenatal Development
UKUFUNDA NGOKWENZEKAYO NGAPHAMBI KOKUZALA
isiZulu [Zulu]
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Table of Contents
- THE EMBRYONIC PERIOD (THE FIRST 8 WEEKS)
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- EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: THE FIRST 4 WEEKS
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- Chapter 3 – Fertilization
- Chapter 4 – DNA, Cell Division, and Early Pregnancy Factor (EPF)
- Chapter 5 – Early Stages (Morula and Blastocyst) and Stem Cells
- Chapter 6 – 1 to 1 1/2 Weeks: Implantation and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
- Chapter 7 – The Placenta and Umbilical Cord
- Chapter 8 – Nutrition and Protection
- Chapter 9 – 2 to 4 Weeks: Germ Layers and Organ Formation
- Chapter 10 – 3 to 4 Weeks: The Folding of the Embryo
- EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 4 TO 6 WEEKS
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- Chapter 11 – 4 Weeks: Amniotic Fluid
- Chapter 12 – The Heart in Action
- Chapter 13 – Brain Growth
- Chapter 14 – Limb Buds and Skin
- Chapter 15 – 5 Weeks: Cerebral Hemispheres
- Chapter 16 – Major Airways
- Chapter 17 – Liver and Kidneys
- Chapter 18 – Yolk Sac and Germ Cells
- Chapter 19 – Hand Plates and Cartilage
- EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 6 TO 8 WEEKS
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- Chapter 20 – 6 Weeks: Motion and Sensation
- Chapter 21 – The External Ear and Blood Cell Formation
- Chapter 22 – The Diaphragm and Intestines
- Chapter 23 – Hand Plates and Brainwaves
- Chapter 24 – Nipple Formation
- Chapter 25 – Limb Development
- Chapter 26 – 7 Weeks: Hiccups and Startle Response
- Chapter 27 – The Maturing Heart
- Chapter 28 – Ovaries and Eyes
- Chapter 29 – Fingers and Toes
- THE 8-WEEK EMBRYO
- THE FETAL PERIOD (8 WEEKS THROUGH BIRTH)
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- Chapter 37 – 9 Weeks: Swallows, Sighs, and Stretches
- Chapter 38 – 10 Weeks: Rolls Eyes and Yawns, Fingernails & Fingerprints
- Chapter 39 – 11 Weeks: Absorbs Glucose and Water
- Chapter 40 – 3 to 4 Months (12 to 16 Weeks): Taste Buds, Jaw Motion, Rooting Reflex, Quickening
- Chapter 41 – 4 to 5 Months (16 to 20 Weeks): Stress Response, Vernix Caseosa, Circadian Rhythms
- Chapter 42 – 5 to 6 Months (20 to 24 Weeks): Responds to Sound; Hair and Skin; Age of Viability
- Chapter 43 – 6 to 7 Months (24 to 28 Weeks): Blink-Startle; Pupils Respond to Light; Smell and Taste
- Chapter 44 – 7 to 8 Months (28 to 32 Weeks): Sound Discrimination, Behavioral States
- Chapter 45 – 8 to 9 Months (32 to 36 Weeks): Alveoli Formation, Firm Grasp, Taste Preferences
- Chapter 46 – 9 Months to Birth (36 Weeks through Birth)
Chapter 15 5 Weeks: Cerebral Hemispheres
Phakathi kuka 4 no 5 amaviki,
ubuchopho buyaqhubeka
nokukhula ngamandla
bese buhlukaniseka
izingxenye eziwu 5 ezicacile.
Ikhanda licishe libe wu 1/3 wabo bonke ubukhulu bombungu.
Kuvela ama- cerebral hemisheres, agcine eseyizingxenye ezinkulu kunazozonke zobuchopho.
Imisebenzi egcina isilawulwa ngama-cerebral hemispheres ibala ukucabanga, ukufunda, inkumbulo, ukukhuluma, ukubona, ukuzwa, ukunyakaza kokuzithandela, nokuxazulula izinkinga.
Ikhanda licishe libe wu 1/3 wabo bonke ubukhulu bombungu.
Kuvela ama- cerebral hemisheres, agcine eseyizingxenye ezinkulu kunazozonke zobuchopho.
Imisebenzi egcina isilawulwa ngama-cerebral hemispheres ibala ukucabanga, ukufunda, inkumbulo, ukukhuluma, ukubona, ukuzwa, ukunyakaza kokuzithandela, nokuxazulula izinkinga.
Chapter 16 Major Airways
Emgudwini wokuphefumula,
kukhona awesokudla nawesobunxele
asemqoka ama-stem bronchi
kanti azogcina exhume
uqhoqhoqho,
namaphaphu.
Chapter 17 Liver and Kidneys
Qaphela isibindi esikhulu
esigcwele isisu
eceleni kwenhliziyo eshayayo.
Izinso zonomphelo zivela kumaviki awu 5.
Izinso zonomphelo zivela kumaviki awu 5.
Chapter 18 Yolk Sac and Germ Cells
Igobosi lesikhupha
linamaseli enzalo asekuqaleni
okuthiwa ama-germ cells.
Kumaviki awu 5
lama germ cells aya
ezithweni zenzalo
eziseceleni kwezinso.
Chapter 19 Hand Plates and Cartilage
Futhi kumaviki awu 5,
umbungu umila
isithebe ezandla,
bese uqwanga luqale
kumaviki awu 5 1/2.
Lapha sibona isithebe lesandla sobunxele nesihlakala kumaviki awu 5 nezinsuku eziwu 6.
Lapha sibona isithebe lesandla sobunxele nesihlakala kumaviki awu 5 nezinsuku eziwu 6.
Embryonic Development: 6 to 8 Weeks
Chapter 20 6 Weeks: Motion and Sensation
Kumaviki awu 6 ama-cerebral
hemispheres akhula
ngokushesha ngaphezu kwezinye
izingxenye zobuchopho.
Umbungu uqala ukuzenzela iminyakazo ngokwawo. Lo mnyakazo uyadingeka ukusiza ukukhula kwemisipha nemizwa.
Umbungu uqala ukuzenzela iminyakazo ngokwawo. Lo mnyakazo uyadingeka ukusiza ukukhula kwemisipha nemizwa.
Ukuthintwa emlonyeni kwenza
umbungu
ugudluze ikhanda
ngokulivikela.
Chapter 21 The External Ear and Blood Cell Formation
Indlebe yangaphandle
iqala ukwakheka.
Kumaviki awu 6,
sekuqalile ukwakheka
kwamaseli egazi esibindini
lapho manje sekukhona
ama-lymphocytes.
Lo luhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi
yingxenye esemqoka yohlelo
lwamasosha omzimba.
Chapter 22 The Diaphragm and Intestines
Untu,
umsipha ophambili
osebenza ekuphefumuleni,
lusuke selwakhekile kumaviki awu 6.
Ingxenye yethumbu manje
iphumele okwesikhashana
enkabeni.
Lo luhlelo oluvamile,
okuthiwa yi-physiologic herniation,
lunika isikhala ezinye izitho
ezikhulayo esiswini.
Chapter 23 Hand Plates and Brainwaves
Kumaviki awu 6 amapuleti ezandla
aba nokwendlaleka.
Amaza obuchopho aseqoshiwe
kumaviki awu 6 no 2 wezinsuku.
Chapter 24 Nipple Formation
Izingono zivela
emaceleni omzimba
ngaphambi kokufika
endaweni yawo yokugcina
ngaphambili kwesifuba.
Chapter 25 Limb Development
Kumaviki angu 6 1/2,
izindololwane sezicacile,
iminwe isiqala
ukwehlukana,
nokunyakaza kwezandla kuyabonakala.
Ukwakheka kwamathambo,
okuthiwa yi-ossification,
kuqala ngaphakathi kwi-clavicle,
noma ingqwababa,
nakumathambo
emihlathi.
Chapter 26 7 Weeks: Hiccups and Startle Response
Ithwabi selike labonakala
kumaviki awu 7.
Iminyakazo yemilenze isiyabonakala, kanye nokukhombisa ukwethuka.
Iminyakazo yemilenze isiyabonakala, kanye nokukhombisa ukwethuka.
Chapter 27 The Maturing Heart
Inhliziyo enamakamelo awu-4
isicishe iphelele.
Ngokuvamile, manje inhliziyo
isishaya 167 izikhathi ngomzuzu.
Ukusebenza kukagesi wenhliziyo okwaqoshwa kumaviki awu 7 1/2 kuveza umgudu wamaza ocishe ufane nowomuntu omdala.
Ukusebenza kukagesi wenhliziyo okwaqoshwa kumaviki awu 7 1/2 kuveza umgudu wamaza ocishe ufane nowomuntu omdala.
Chapter 28 Ovaries and Eyes
Kwabesimame, izindlala zamaqanda
ziyabonakala kumaviki awu 7.
Kumaviki awu 7 1/2,
ulwebu lwehlo olunemibala
lubonakala kalula
futhi amajwabu amehlo
aqala ukukhula
ngesivinini.
Chapter 29 Fingers and Toes
Iminwe isihlukene
kanti izinzwane zihlangene
kuphela ngaphansi.
Izandla manje
sezingathintana,
ngokunjalo nezinyawo.
Amalunga amadolo asekhona.
Amalunga amadolo asekhona.
The 8-Week Embryo
Chapter 30 8 Weeks: Brain Development
Kumaviki angu 8 ubuchopho
sebukhule kakhulu
futhi bucishe bube yineye
wesisindo somzimba wombungu.
Ukukhula kuqhubeka ngesivinini esingajwayelekile.
Ukukhula kuqhubeka ngesivinini esingajwayelekile.
Chapter 31 Right- and Left-Handedness
Kumaviki awu 8, u 75% wemibungu
ukhombisa ukukhonya kwesandla sokudla.
Esele ihlukaniseke
ngokulinganayo
phakathi kwamanxele
nonxazonke.
Lobu wubufakazi bokuqala
bokujwayela esokudla noma sobunxele.
Chapter 32 Rolling Over
Amabhuku ngezingane achaza
ukuthi ikhono "lokuphenduka"
livela kumaviki awu
10 kuyaku 20 emva kokuzalwa.
Nokho, le likhono elihlaba umxhwele
liyashesha ukuvezwa
esimweni esingenangcindezi
se-amniotic sac egcwele
uketshezi.
Kuphela wukuntuleka
kwamandla adingekayo
ukunqoba amandla
angaphezulu engcindezi
ngaphandle kwesibeletho kunqanda
ingane ezelwe ekuphendukeni.
Umbungu uya
ngokuba matasa
ngale sikhathi.
Iminyakazo inganensa noma isheshe, kanye noma iphindaphinde, izenzekele noma iphendule okunye.
Ukujikisa ikhanda, ukwelula umqala, nesandla esithinta ubuso kuya ngokwanda.
Iminyakazo inganensa noma isheshe, kanye noma iphindaphinde, izenzekele noma iphendule okunye.
Ukujikisa ikhanda, ukwelula umqala, nesandla esithinta ubuso kuya ngokwanda.
Ukuthinta umbungu
kudala ukuyaluzisa amehlo,
ukunyakaza komhlathi,
iminyakazo yokubamba,
nokukhomba kwezinzwane.
Chapter 33 Eyelid Fusion
Phakathi kwamaviki 7 no 8,
amajwabu amehlo
akhula ngokushesha ngaphezu kwamehlo
futhi aya ngokuhlangana.
Chapter 34 "Breathing" Motion and Urination
Yize noma awukho umoya esibelethweni,
umbungu uveza iminyakazo yokuphefumula
kumaviki awu 8.
Ngale sikhathi,
izinso zikhiqiza umchamo
ochithwa kwi-
amniotic fluid.
Kwimibungu yesilisa, amasende akhulayo aqala ukukhiqiza nokukhipha i-testosterone.
Kwimibungu yesilisa, amasende akhulayo aqala ukukhiqiza nokukhipha i-testosterone.
Chapter 35 The Limbs and Skin
Amathambo, amalunga,
imisipha, imizwa,
nemithambo yegazi
yezingalo nemilenze
kucishe kufane nokwabadala.
Kumaviki awu 8 isikhumba sangaphandle, siba nezingqimba eziningi, silahlekelwe wukubonakala ngale.
Kumila amashiya ngenkathi kuvela uboya ngaphandle komlomo.
Kumaviki awu 8 isikhumba sangaphandle, siba nezingqimba eziningi, silahlekelwe wukubonakala ngale.
Kumila amashiya ngenkathi kuvela uboya ngaphandle komlomo.
Chapter 36 Summary of the First 8 Weeks
Amaviki awu 8 asho ukuphela
kwesikhathi sombungu.
Ngale sikhathi, umbungu womuntu usukhule usuka kwiseli eyodwa waba cishe ngu 1 billion amaseli akha ngaphezu kuka 4,000 izakhiwo ezicacile zomzimba.
Umbungu manje usunezingaphezu kuka 90% izakhiwo ezitholakala kwabadala.
Ngale sikhathi, umbungu womuntu usukhule usuka kwiseli eyodwa waba cishe ngu 1 billion amaseli akha ngaphezu kuka 4,000 izakhiwo ezicacile zomzimba.
Umbungu manje usunezingaphezu kuka 90% izakhiwo ezitholakala kwabadala.