Multilingual Illustrated DVD [Tutorial]
The Biology of Prenatal Development
IBHAYOLOJI YANGAPHAMBILI KOKUBELETHWA KOMNTWANA
Ndebele [Sindebele (Ndebele)]
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Table of Contents
- THE EMBRYONIC PERIOD (THE FIRST 8 WEEKS)
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- EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: THE FIRST 4 WEEKS
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- Chapter 3 – Fertilization
- Chapter 4 – DNA, Cell Division, and Early Pregnancy Factor (EPF)
- Chapter 5 – Early Stages (Morula and Blastocyst) and Stem Cells
- Chapter 6 – 1 to 1 1/2 Weeks: Implantation and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
- Chapter 7 – The Placenta and Umbilical Cord
- Chapter 8 – Nutrition and Protection
- Chapter 9 – 2 to 4 Weeks: Germ Layers and Organ Formation
- Chapter 10 – 3 to 4 Weeks: The Folding of the Embryo
- EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 4 TO 6 WEEKS
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- Chapter 11 – 4 Weeks: Amniotic Fluid
- Chapter 12 – The Heart in Action
- Chapter 13 – Brain Growth
- Chapter 14 – Limb Buds and Skin
- Chapter 15 – 5 Weeks: Cerebral Hemispheres
- Chapter 16 – Major Airways
- Chapter 17 – Liver and Kidneys
- Chapter 18 – Yolk Sac and Germ Cells
- Chapter 19 – Hand Plates and Cartilage
- EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: 6 TO 8 WEEKS
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- Chapter 20 – 6 Weeks: Motion and Sensation
- Chapter 21 – The External Ear and Blood Cell Formation
- Chapter 22 – The Diaphragm and Intestines
- Chapter 23 – Hand Plates and Brainwaves
- Chapter 24 – Nipple Formation
- Chapter 25 – Limb Development
- Chapter 26 – 7 Weeks: Hiccups and Startle Response
- Chapter 27 – The Maturing Heart
- Chapter 28 – Ovaries and Eyes
- Chapter 29 – Fingers and Toes
- THE 8-WEEK EMBRYO
- THE FETAL PERIOD (8 WEEKS THROUGH BIRTH)
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- Chapter 37 – 9 Weeks: Swallows, Sighs, and Stretches
- Chapter 38 – 10 Weeks: Rolls Eyes and Yawns, Fingernails & Fingerprints
- Chapter 39 – 11 Weeks: Absorbs Glucose and Water
- Chapter 40 – 3 to 4 Months (12 to 16 Weeks): Taste Buds, Jaw Motion, Rooting Reflex, Quickening
- Chapter 41 – 4 to 5 Months (16 to 20 Weeks): Stress Response, Vernix Caseosa, Circadian Rhythms
- Chapter 42 – 5 to 6 Months (20 to 24 Weeks): Responds to Sound; Hair and Skin; Age of Viability
- Chapter 43 – 6 to 7 Months (24 to 28 Weeks): Blink-Startle; Pupils Respond to Light; Smell and Taste
- Chapter 44 – 7 to 8 Months (28 to 32 Weeks): Sound Discrimination, Behavioral States
- Chapter 45 – 8 to 9 Months (32 to 36 Weeks): Alveoli Formation, Firm Grasp, Taste Preferences
- Chapter 46 – 9 Months to Birth (36 Weeks through Birth)
Chapter 15 5 Weeks: Cerebral Hemispheres
Phakathi kweemveke ezi 4 ne 5,
ingqondo ikhula iye
phambili
futhi ihlukane ngeencenye
ezi 5 ezihlukileko.
Ikhanda lingange 1/3 ye-embryo.
Indawo yobucopho iyavela, ithome kancani ibe yindawo ekulu yengqondo.
Izenzo eziphethwe yindawo yobucopho zifaka hlangana ukucabanga, ukufunda, ukukhumbula, inkulumo, ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuzikhambela, nokusombulula iinkinga.
Ikhanda lingange 1/3 ye-embryo.
Indawo yobucopho iyavela, ithome kancani ibe yindawo ekulu yengqondo.
Izenzo eziphethwe yindawo yobucopho zifaka hlangana ukucabanga, ukufunda, ukukhumbula, inkulumo, ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuzikhambela, nokusombulula iinkinga.
Chapter 16 Major Airways
Kuhlelo lokuphefumula,
incenye yakwesokudla neyakwesobuncele
yokuphefumula sezikhona
ngokukhamba kwesikhathi
zizokuhlangana
nephayiphu lomoya,
namaphaphu.
Chapter 17 Liver and Kidneys
Qaphela isibindi esikhulu
Sigcwalisa amathumbu
eduze kwehlizo ebethako.
Iziso zivela eemvekeni ezi 5.
Iziso zivela eemvekeni ezi 5.
Chapter 18 Yolk Sac and Germ Cells
Umgodlana womthubi (yolk sac)
unezitho zokubeletha
ezibizwa ngama germ cells.
EMVA KWEEMVEKE EZI-5
Amaseli la (germ cells) ayathutha
aye kuncenye yezitho zokubeletha
eduze neziso.
Chapter 19 Hand Plates and Cartilage
Futhi ngeemveke ezi-5,
i-embryo iveza izandlana,
nokwakheka kwamathambo kuyathoma
nge 5 1/2 yeemveke.
La sibona isandlana sesinceleni nesihlakaleni eemvelemo ezi-5 namalanga asi 6.
La sibona isandlana sesinceleni nesihlakaleni eemvelemo ezi-5 namalanga asi 6.
Embryonic Development: 6 to 8 Weeks
Chapter 20 6 Weeks: Motion and Sensation
Eemvekeni ezi 6 indawo yobucopho
iyakhula (cerebral hemispheres)
masinyana ukudlula ezinye
iindawo zengqondo.
I-embryo ithoma ukusikinyeka Ngeenkhathi ezingafaniko beyizelule. Ukusikinyeka okunje kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamanyuroni.
I-embryo ithoma ukusikinyeka Ngeenkhathi ezingafaniko beyizelule. Ukusikinyeka okunje kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamanyuroni.
Ukuthinta umlomo kubangela i-embryo
ibuyisele ihloko yayo emuva.
Chapter 21 The External Ear and Blood Cell Formation
Indlebe yangaphandle
ithoma ukwakheka.
EEMVEKENI EZI-6,
ukwakheka kwamaseli weengazi
kuyathoma esibindini
la ama-lymphocytes
sele akhona.
Leli hlobo lamaseli
weengazi elimhlophe
liyincenye esisekelo
lehlelo lokuvikela elisakhulako.
Chapter 22 The Diaphragm and Intestines
I-diaphragm,
nemisipha esisekelo
esebenziswa ekuphefumuleni,
ithomeka ukwakheka ngeemveke ezi-6.
Incenye yamathumbu amancani
Ithoma ukuvela kwesikhashana
ngaphakathi kwenkaba (umbilical cord).
Ihlelweli, elibizwa
nge-physiologic herniation,
lenzela indawo amalunga amanye
akhulako ngaphakathi kwamathumbu.
Chapter 23 Hand Plates and Brainwaves
Eemvekeni ezi-6 izandlana zithoma
ukuthabalala.
Iindledlana zengqondo zibe khona
Kusese ziimveke ezi-6 namalanga ama-2.
Chapter 24 Nipple Formation
Iinkono zithoma ukuvela
ngemahlangothini womzimbha
ngaphambili kobana zifike
eendaweni zazo zokugcina
ngaphambili kwesifuba.
Chapter 25 Limb Development
Eemvekeni ezi 6 ne 1/2,
Iindololwane ziyabonakala,
imino ithoma ukuhlukana,
nokukhamba kwezandla kuyabonakala.
Ukubumbheka kwamathambo,
Okubizwa nge-ossification,
kuyathoma ngaphakathi kwe-clavicle,
noma ithambo elibizwa
nge-collar bone,
namathambo womhlathi
wangaphezulu nangaphasi.
Chapter 26 7 Weeks: Hiccups and Startle Response
Ama-hiccups athome ukubonakala
ngemva kweemveke ezi-7.
Ukusikinyeka kweenyawo kuyabonakala, kunye nokuphendula.
Ukusikinyeka kweenyawo kuyabonakala, kunye nokuphendula.
Chapter 27 The Maturing Heart
Ihliziyo yamahlangothi ama-4
seyiphelele.
Okungasenani ihliziyo kwanje
Ibetha ka 167 ngomzuzu.
Ukusebenza kwehliziyo (electrical activity) Kukuzinga leemveke ezi-7 ne 1/2 ibonakala ukusebenza okufana nokomuntu omdala.
Ukusebenza kwehliziyo (electrical activity) Kukuzinga leemveke ezi-7 ne 1/2 ibonakala ukusebenza okufana nokomuntu omdala.
Chapter 28 Ovaries and Eyes
Kwabesifazane, amaqanda
ayabonakala Eemvekeni ezi-7.
Eemvekeni ezi-7 ne 1/2,
ilihlo langaphakathi elinombala
liyabonakala futhi
iimvalo zamehlo
athoma ukukhula.
Chapter 29 Fingers and Toes
Imino seyihlukene
futhi amazwani ahlangene
ekuthomeni kwaphela.
Izandla sele zingahlangana,
njengeenyawo.
Ubuhlangano bamadolo sele bukhona.
Ubuhlangano bamadolo sele bukhona.
The 8-Week Embryo
Chapter 30 8 Weeks: Brain Development
Eemvekeni ezi-8 ingqondo
sele ikhule khulu
begodu ingangencenye
yobudisi be-embryo.
Ukukhula kuya phambili Ngendlela emangazako.
Ukukhula kuya phambili Ngendlela emangazako.
Chapter 31 Right- and Left-Handedness
Eemvekeni ezi-8, amaphesenti angu-75
we-embryo abonisa ubukhulu ngakwesokudla.
Okuseleko kuhlukene ngokulinganako
phakathi kokukhulu
ngokwesobuncele nokungakhethi.
Lokhu kubonisa ngesikhathi kusothoma
ukusebenzisa sokudla noma sesincele.
Chapter 32 Rolling Over
Iincwadi zobodokotela babentwana
zihlathulula ikhono loku "phenduka "
libonakala kusukela eemvekeni
ezi-10 ukuya 20 ngemva kokubelethwa.
Kodwana ukuhlanganokho,
kubonakala masinyana
kusimo esinganabudisi
kumgodla ozele amanzi
obizwa nge (amniotic sac).
Kwaphela ukuswela
amandla okudingekako
ukuhlula ubudisi obukhudlwana
ngaphandle kwesizalo kuvikela
abasanda kubelethwa bangaphenduki.
I-embryo iyakhula khudlwana
ngalesi isikhathi.
Ukusikinyeka kungaba msinyana namkha kabuthaka, kunye namkha kunengi, ngeenkhathi ezihlukileko namkha ngokuzilula.
Ukuphendula ihloko, ukulula intamo, nokuthuntana kwesandla nobuso kwenzakala kanengi.
Ukusikinyeka kungaba msinyana namkha kabuthaka, kunye namkha kunengi, ngeenkhathi ezihlukileko namkha ngokuzilula.
Ukuphendula ihloko, ukulula intamo, nokuthuntana kwesandla nobuso kwenzakala kanengi.
Ukuthinta i-embryo
kuletha ukubaleka,
ukusikinyeka kwemihlathi,
kokubamba,
nokukhomba kweminwe.
Chapter 33 Eyelid Fusion
Phakathi kweemveke ezi-7 na 8,
iimvalo zamehlo
ziyakhula emehlweni
zihlangane.
Chapter 34 "Breathing" Motion and Urination
Nanoma kunganamoya
kusibeletho,
i-embryo ibonisa ukuphefumula
okungathikamezekiko emvekeni ezi-8.
Ngalesi isikhathi,
iziso sekhipha umchamo
ophumela ngaphakathi
kwe-amniotic fluid.
Kuma-embryos wabesilisa, Amaqanda akhulako athoma ukukhipha i-testosterone.
Kuma-embryos wabesilisa, Amaqanda akhulako athoma ukukhipha i-testosterone.
Chapter 35 The Limbs and Skin
Amathambo, iindawo zokuhlangana,
imisipha, imizwa,
nemithambo yeengazi
yezitho zomzimba
zifana khulu nalezo
zabantu abadala.
Eemvekeni ezi-8 Isikhumba sangaphandle, siba kanengi, ungasakwazi ukubona ngale.
Amashiya ayakhula afane nezinwele zivela eduze komlomo.
Eemvekeni ezi-8 Isikhumba sangaphandle, siba kanengi, ungasakwazi ukubona ngale.
Amashiya ayakhula afane nezinwele zivela eduze komlomo.
Chapter 36 Summary of the First 8 Weeks
Iimveke ezisishiyagalombili zibonisa
ukuphela kwesikhathi se-embryonic.
Ngalesi isikhathi, i-embryo yomuntu ikhule ukusukela kuseli linye yaqishe yaba maseli ayi 1 billion akha imakhiwo engaphezulu kwe 4,000 eyahlukileko (anatomic structures).
I-embryo manje inangaphezulu kwe 90% yemakhiwo etholakala kwabadala.
Ngalesi isikhathi, i-embryo yomuntu ikhule ukusukela kuseli linye yaqishe yaba maseli ayi 1 billion akha imakhiwo engaphezulu kwe 4,000 eyahlukileko (anatomic structures).
I-embryo manje inangaphezulu kwe 90% yemakhiwo etholakala kwabadala.