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The Endowment for Human Development
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The Biology of Prenatal Development




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.jrefrmpum; [Burmese]


National Geographic Society This program is distributed in the U.S. and Canada by National Geographic and EHD. [learn more]

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The Fetal Period (8 Weeks through Birth)

Chapter 37   9 Weeks: Swallows, Sighs, and Stretches

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oaE<om;onf t&m 0wWKrsm;ukd pwifod&Sdvm+yD; OD;acgif;udk a¶S•aemuf a¶G•vsm; vmEkdifI ar;¶kd;rsm; tzGifhydwf/oufjyif;/ v#mESifhudk,f a¶G•qef‹vmEdkifonf?

rsufemESifhvuf0g;¶Sd tm¶kHa=umt*F grsm; ESifh ajcz0g; wdk‹onf tomav; txd udk odvmEkdifonf?

“ajcz0g;udk xday;¶kH ESifh wkef‹jyefonfh tae jzifh” oaE<om;onf wifyg;ESifh 'l;udkjy+yD; ajcacsmif;rsm;udk wGef‹vdrfjyonf?

TwGif rsufcGHrsm;onf vHk;0 ydwfoGm;=uonf?

toHtdrfwGif toHESifhqdkifaom t¶kd;quft¶Gufjym;onf ay:vm I toHxdef; vnfºuufom; zGH‹®z;r_ tpOD; udk !¸ef;jyxm;onf?

r oaE<om;rsm;wGif om;tdrfudk cGJjcm;odEkdif rzGH‹®z;ao;aom rsdK;yGm;t*F gqJvf rsm;jzpfaom tl;udk;eD,m; onf udk,fwdkif om;Otdrf wGif yHkwlazmfvmonf?

jyify rsdK;¶kd;t*F gonf ‚wdk‹udk,fwdkif tzdk tr jzpfjcif;udk xif¶Sm;jy=uonf?

Chapter 38   10 Weeks: Rolls Eyes and Yawns, Fingernails & Fingerprints

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t&kd;rsm;xJwGif t&kd;jzpfoGm; jcif; jzpfpOfonf¶SdqJjzpfonf?

vufonf;ESifh ajconf;rsm;vJ pwif zGH@®z;vmonf?

,Swfwif +yD;aemuf 10 &ufwGif xl;jcm;aom vufaAGrsm;ay:vmonf? TyHkpHukd b0wpfav#mufvkH; odomxif¶Sm;r_twGuf tokH;jyEkdkifonf?

Chapter 39   11 Weeks: Absorbs Glucose and Water

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,Swfwif jcif;Y jzpfaomfvnf; ,ck vdift*Fgpyfudk ykdif;jcm;owfrSwf &mwGif tzkdtr [kwfr[kwfodEdkifonf?

Chapter 40   3 to 4 Months (12 to 16 Weeks): Taste Buds, Jaw Motion, Rooting Reflex, Quickening

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t&om&kHtzl; onf arG;&myg usef&pf rnf? yg;pyf. trkd;ESifh v#may:wGifom usef&pfrnf?

tlr}uD;a&G;vsm;r_onf 12 ywf apmI pwifonf? +yD;aemuf 6 ywf =um=um pwifonf?

tlr}uD; ESifh oE<om; rS z,fxkwfcH yxrypPnf;udk arukdeD,rf [kac:onf? ‚onf udk tpmacs tifZdkif;ac: y&kdwif;"wfrsm;EsifhqJvfao rsm;jzifhaygif;pyfxm;onf? ‚udk tpmacs t*F gpk rS pGef@ay;onf?

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aemufbuf OD;acgif;ESifh xdyf . ¹cif;csufESifhtwl oaE<om;wpfckvkH;. cE<mukd,fonf tvif;xdawG;r_qD wkH@jyefvm onf?

zdk r qdk&m zGH‹®z;r_ rwlnDr_rsm; yxr qHk; tae ESifh ay:xGufvmonf? Oyrm/ r oaE<om;rsm;onf ar;¶kd;v_yf¶Sm;r_ udk xifjy&mwGif zdk oaE<om;rsm;xuf t}udrfaygif; ydkIomonf?

tapmydkif; wkef‹jyefr_ ¶kwfodrf; onf ESifhqef‹usifvsuf Ekwfcrf;w0dSuf vHk‹aqmfr_rsm; ay:xGufvmum vHk‹aqmfay;aom t&m ESifhzGifh[aeaom ygpyfqD odk‹ vSnfhvsufaeonf? Twkef‹jyefr_udk “a&mifjyef[yfay;jcif;” [kac:+yD; arG;+yD;aemuf ydkif; qufvufI arG;puav;rsm;udk rdcif. Ekd‹oD; udk ¶SmawG‹ay;jcif;jzifhulnD+yD; Edk‹wdkufumv tawmtwGif;jzpfonf?

rsufEsmonf qufvwf &ifhuswfvm um tqD v¸mrsm;onf yg;rsufemudkjznfhpGyfay;+yD; oGm;rsm;vJ pwifzGH‹®z;vmonf?

( 15 ) ywf twGif;/ aoG; tzGJ‹tpnf; yifr qJvf rsm;a&mufvmum t¶kd;jcifqDtwGif;odk‹yl;uyfvm=uonf? aoG;OqJvfjzpfay:vmykHtrsm;pkukd TwGif awG@&Sdayvdrfhrnf?

a&G;vsm;r_onf 6 - v &Sdaom oaE<om;avmif;twGif; pwifaomfvnf; ukd,f0efonf rdef;rwpfOD;onf oaE<om; tv_yf ukd tm&kHjzifh OD;pGm od&onfrSm (14) ESifh (18) ywf pyf=um;jzpfonf? rd&kd;zvmt& Tumvtjzpftysufudk oaE<om;v_yf&rf;jcif; [kac:onf?

Chapter 41   4 to 5 Months (16 to 20 Weeks): Stress Response, Vernix Caseosa, Circadian Rhythms

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touf&SLt*Fg tzGJ@tpnf;wGif tqkwf¹yef tpkyHkpH onf +yD;vkeD;+yD jzpfonf?

tuG,fum ay;aom tjzLa&mif j'yfypPnf; jzpfaom Am;epf auqtdkqmonf oE<om;ukd zHk;xm;+yDjzpfonf? Am;epfonf ta&jym;/ (tuG,ftum ay; ) rtDromjzpfaomta&jym; &ef rS umuG,f ay; onf? rtDdromjzpfaom t a& jym; onf trfeDtdkwdcf t&nf a=umifhjzpfonf?

oaE<om;umv (19) ywf rS pI oE<om;a&G;vsm;r_/ touf&SL v_yf&Sm;jcif; ESifh ESvHk;ckefr_ rsm; ae@pOf wHo&m twdkif; jzpfvmjcif; udk qm&fua',rf &Dwmrf [kac:onf?

Chapter 42   5 to 6 Months (20 to 24 Weeks): Responds to Sound; Hair and Skin; Age of Viability

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acgif;a&;Y qHyifrsm; pwif aygufvmonf?

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,Swfwif +yD;aemuf (21) ESifh (22) ywf twGif; tqkwfrsm;onf av¶SL pGrf;¶Sdvmonf? Tonfudk ¶SifoefEdkifpGrf; umv [k owfrSSwf onf? ta=umif;rSmom;tdrf . tjyif buf wGifvnf; wcsdK‹oaE<om;rsm;onf touf¶SifaeEkdifjcif;a=umifhjzpfonf? aq;0g;qdkif&m pGrf;aqmifr_rsm; wav#mufvHk;. wdk;wwfr_ rsm;onf uav;oli,fwdk‹.touf udk xdef;odrf;ay;EkdifpGrf;¶Sd +yD; oufwrf; rjynfh apmvsifpGm arG;aom uav;i,frsm;. toufyiffjzpfonf?

Chapter 43   6 to 7 Months (24 to 28 Weeks): Blink-Startle; Pupils Respond to Light; Smell and Taste

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udk,f0efoufwrf; . wwd, 3 v wGif tvGefjrefaom OD;aESmuf }uD;xGm;E_ef; 50 µ ausmf tm;tif udkukefcef;aponf? oaE<om; oHk;aompGrf;tm; jzpfonf? OaESmuf.tav;csdefonf 400 ESifh 500 µ pyf=um;jzpfonf?

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oli,ftdrfonf tvif;udk 27 ywf twGif;pwifwkef‹jyefvmonf? Twkef‹jyefr_onf tvif;yrm% udk pepfwus xdrf;csKyfay;+yD; rsuf=unfv¸modk‹ta&muf woufvHk; vkyfaqmifay;onf?

vdktyfaom tpdwftydkif;tm;vHk; t eH@cH tm¶kHrsm;twGuf vkyfaqmif&ef toifhjzpfonf? uav;i,frsm; ESifhywf owfI avhvmcsufrsm;u &eH@cH EkdifpGrf;¶Sd a=umif; axmufjyoGm;onf? ‚rSm ,Swfwif+yD;aemuf 26 &uf twGif;jzpfonf?

trfeDtdkwdcf ac: t&nf=unf wrsdK;xJ csdKaomj'yfypPnf;rsm;xm;ay;jcif;jzifh oaE<om; qdkif&mrsdKcs E_ef; jrifhwwfvmonf? ‚ ESifhqef‹usifvsuf/ oaE<om; rsdKcs jcif; E_ef; usqif;pjyKvmonfrSm cg;aomj'yfypPnfrsm;xm;ay;onf ESifhw ®yif euf jzpfvmjcif;jzpfonf? rsufESmxm; ajymif;vJr_rsm; r=umc% jzpfavh¶Sdonf?

ajcvSrf; v_yf¶Sm;rsm;. twef;pOfrsm;rS wqifh vrf;av#mufonfESifhwlaom oaE<om;onf udk,fu|rf;ypfxdk;jcif;rsm; vkyf wwfonf?

oaE<om; Y wGef‹vdrfI ta&jym;atmufY¶Sdaom tqDydkavmuf tqDrygay? tqDonf udk,ftylcsdef xdef;odrf;&mY‚ arG;zGm;+yD;aemuftiftm;jyefvnf&¶Sd a&;Y ‚ t"du u¿ rSyg0ifonf?

Chapter 44   7 to 8 Months (28 to 32 Weeks): Sound Discrimination, Behavioral States

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t ywf (30)twGif;/ touf¶SL v_yf¶Sm;r_rsm;onf yHkrSeftwdkif; jzpf+yD; omrefoaE<om; wGif tcsdef . 30 rS 40 µ jzpfysufonf?

udk,f0efoufwrf; tqHk;ydkif; (4) v twGif; oaE<om;onf nD!Gwfaom vkyfief; umv udk xif¶Sm;jy+yD; ‚umv udk tem;,lumv rsm;u =um;0ifjzwfawmufonf? TjyKrlyHk tqifhrsm;onf ¶_yfaxG;I wdk;yGm;rsm;jym;r_rsm; udka&mifjyef[yfvm+yD; ‚rSm A[dk tm¶kHa=um tzGJ‹tpnf; wGifjzpfonf?

Chapter 45   8 to 9 Months (32 to 36 Weeks): Alveoli Formation, Firm Grasp, Taste Preferences

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(35) ywf wGif oaE<om; onf vufqkwfvmEkdifonf?

trsdK;rsdK; j'yfypPnf;rsm;wGif oaE<om; yHkpHtaexm; ay:vm+yD; arG;zGm;+yD;aemuf ESpfouf zG,faom teH‹udkjzpfaponf? Oyrm/ prkefpyg;udk rSD0Jaom rdcifrsm;. oaE<om;rsm;onf tqdkyg j'yfypPnf;rS ay;aom EG,fcsdK"mwfudk &onfESifhtnD arG;zGm;+yD;aemuf prkefpyg;odk‹ ESpfoufzG,f jzpfjcif;udk jyonf? oE<om;tzHk;tumr¶Sdaom arG;cgp uav; rsm;onf prkefpyg;udk róuuf=uyg?

Chapter 46   9 Months to Birth (36 Weeks through Birth)

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